Dallas Constance
Department of Maternal-Child Nursing, University of illinois at Chicago College of Nursing, 60612-7350, USA.
Public Health Nurs. 2004 Jul-Aug;21(4):347-53. doi: 10.1111/j.0737-1209.2004.21408.x.
Family support has been demonstrated to be essential for successful long-term outcomes of low-income, African American adolescent mothers and their children [Apfel, N., & Seitz, V. (1996). Urban girls: Resisting stereotypes, creating identities. NY: New York University Press]. Family support may also be essential for the continued paternal involvement of unmarried, low-income, African American adolescent fathers. Twenty mothers of unmarried, low-income, African American adolescent parents were individually interviewed for this qualitative study to describe the experiences of paternal grandmothers (mothers of adolescent fathers) and maternal grandmothers (mothers of adolescent mothers) during transition to fatherhood for unmarried, low-income, African American adolescent fathers. Findings are presented according to the six factors of transition conditions from the nursing model of transitions [Schumacher, K., & Meleis, A. I. (1994). Image, 26, 119-127]: meanings, expectations, level of knowledge and skill, the environment, level of planning, and emotional and physical well-being. Findings indicate that transition to parenthood and grandparenthood is often abrupt and complicated for unmarried, low-income, African American adolescent parents and their families. Paternal and maternal grandmothers continue to act as primary parents for their adolescents while compensating for the lack of skills and attributes for the adolescents' children. Findings from this study can be used to design developmentally and culturally appropriate health care interventions that can support these families during this complex process.
家庭支持已被证明对于低收入非裔美国青少年母亲及其子女取得长期成功的结果至关重要[Apfel, N., & Seitz, V. (1996). Urban girls: Resisting stereotypes, creating identities. NY: New York University Press]。家庭支持对于未婚、低收入非裔美国青少年父亲持续参与孩子成长可能也至关重要。本定性研究对20位未婚、低收入非裔美国青少年父母的母亲进行了单独访谈，以描述青少年父亲的祖母（青少年父亲的母亲）和青少年母亲的祖母（青少年母亲的母亲）在未婚、低收入非裔美国青少年父亲向父亲角色转变过程中的经历。研究结果根据转变护理模式中的六个转变条件因素呈现[Schumacher, K., & Meleis, A. I. (1994). Image, 26, 119 - 127]：意义、期望、知识和技能水平、环境、规划水平以及情绪和身体健康状况。研究结果表明，对于未婚、低收入非裔美国青少年父母及其家庭而言，向父母和祖父母角色的转变通常是突然且复杂的。青少年父亲的祖母和母亲的祖母在继续充当青少年主要父母角色的同时，还要弥补青少年子女所缺乏的技能和特质。本研究的结果可用于设计在发展和文化上合适的医疗保健干预措施，以在这一复杂过程中支持这些家庭。
