Kochanska Grazyna, Aksan Nazan, Knaack Amy, Rhines Heather M
Department of Psychology, University of Iowa, Iowa City 52242, USA.
Child Dev. 2004 Jul-Aug;75(4):1229-42. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2004.00735.x.
Socialization research is shifting from direct links between parenting and children's outcomes toward models that consider parenting in the context of other factors. This study proposed that the effects of maternal responsive, gentle parenting on child conscience are moderated by the quality of their relationship, specifically, early security. A 2-process model of early conscience development was proposed and confirmed in this longitudinal study. The child's security and trust in the caregiver, assessed at 14 months in the Strange Situation, rendered him or her receptive and eager to accept the caregiver's socialization agenda. That early security then enhanced the effectiveness of parental adaptive parenting style, observed from 14 to 45 months, in terms of promoting conscience at 56 months, which encompassed moral conduct, moral cognition, and moral self.
社会化研究正从关注养育方式与儿童成长结果之间的直接联系，转向考虑其他因素背景下养育方式的模型。本研究提出，母亲的敏感、温和养育方式对儿童良知的影响，会受到母婴关系质量，特别是早期安全感的调节。本纵向研究提出并验证了一个早期良知发展的双过程模型。在陌生情境中对14个月大婴儿的安全感和对照料者的信任进行评估，结果表明这会使婴儿易于接受并渴望接受照料者的社会化引导。这种早期安全感随后增强了从14个月到45个月观察到的父母适应性养育方式在促进56个月大儿童良知（包括道德行为、道德认知和道德自我）方面的有效性。
