Kochanska Grazyna, Forman David R, Aksan Nazan, Dunbar Stephen B
University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242-1407, USA. grazyna=
J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2005 Jan;46(1):19-34. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2004.00348.x.
Associations between early mother-child mutually responsive orientation (MRO) and children's conscience have been previously established, but the mechanisms accounting for those links are not understood. We examined three such mediational mechanisms: (a) the child's enhanced enjoyment of interactions with the mother, (b) increased committed, self-regulated compliance with the mother, and/or (c) a decreased need for maternal use of power assertion. Children's conscience was seen as a complex system encompassing moral emotion (guilt), conduct, and cognition.
In a longitudinal design, MRO was observed in mothers' and children's multiple naturalistic interactions at 9, 14, and 22 months. The mediators were observed at 33 months. Children's conscience was observed at 45 months (moral emotion) and at 56 months (moral conduct and cognition).
The mediating paths were different for the three components of conscience. MRO had a direct, unmediated effect on moral emotion. MRO influenced moral conduct through two mediational paths: by promoting the child's enjoyment of interactions with the mother and by enhancing committed compliance. MRO influenced moral cognition by promoting the child's enjoyment of mother-child interactions. Maternal power assertion did not mediate the relation between MRO and conscience once the influence of the other mediators was considered.
The impact of the early mother-child relationship on future conscience appears to be a complex process that progresses along distinct paths.
早期母婴相互回应取向（MRO）与儿童良知之间的关联此前已得到证实，但解释这些联系的机制尚不清楚。我们研究了三种这样的中介机制：（a）儿童与母亲互动时增强的愉悦感，（b）对母亲更高的坚定、自我调节的顺从，和/或（c）母亲使用权力主张的需求降低。儿童的良知被视为一个复杂的系统，包括道德情感（内疚）、行为和认知。
在纵向设计中，在9个月、14个月和22个月时观察母亲和儿童在多种自然互动中的MRO。在33个月时观察中介变量。在45个月时观察儿童的良知（道德情感），在56个月时观察（道德行为和认知）。
良知的三个组成部分的中介路径不同。MRO对道德情感有直接的、无中介的影响。MRO通过两条中介路径影响道德行为：通过促进儿童与母亲互动的愉悦感和通过增强坚定的顺从。MRO通过促进儿童对母婴互动的愉悦感来影响道德认知。一旦考虑到其他中介变量的影响，母亲的权力主张并没有介导MRO与良知之间的关系。
早期母婴关系对未来良知的影响似乎是一个沿着不同路径发展的复杂过程。
