游蛇科蛇毒的体外神经肌肉活性：临床及进化意义
In vitro neuromuscular activity of 'colubrid' venoms: clinical and evolutionary implications.
作者信息
Lumsden Natalie G, Fry Bryan G, Manjunatha Kini R, Hodgson Wayne C
机构信息
Monash Venom Group, Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Melbourne, Vic. 3800, Australia.
出版信息
Toxicon. 2004 Jun 1;43(7):819-27. doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2004.03.012.
In this study, venoms from species in the Colubrinae, Homalopsinae, Natricinae, Pseudoxyrhophiinae and Psammophiinae snake families were assayed for activity in the chick biventer cervicis skeletal nerve muscle preparation. Boiga dendrophila, Boiga cynodon, Boiga dendrophila gemincincta, Boiga drapiezii, Boiga irregularis, Boiga nigriceps and Telescopus dhara venoms (10 microg/ml) displayed postsynaptic neuromuscular activity as evidenced by inhibition of indirect (0.1 Hz, 0.2 ms, supramaximal V) twitches. Neostigmine (5 microM) reversed the inhibition caused by B. cynodon venom (10 microg/ml) while the inhibitory effects of Psammophis mossambicus venom (10 microg/ml) spontaneously reversed, indicating a reversible mode of action for both venoms. Trimorphodon biscutatus (10 microg/ml) displayed irreversible presynaptic neurotoxic activity. Detectable levels of phospholipase A2 activity were found only in T. biscutatus, T. dhara and P. mossambicus venoms. The results demonstrate a hitherto unsuspected diversity of pharmacological actions in all lineages which may have implications ranging from clinical management of envenomings to venom evolution.
在本研究中，对游蛇亚科、水游蛇亚科、钝头蛇亚科、伪蝰亚科和食蜗蛇亚科蛇类物种的毒液进行了鸡颈二腹肌骨骼肌神经肌肉标本活性检测。竹叶青蛇、食蜗蛇、双带竹叶青、德氏竹叶青、睫角棕榈蝮、黑首竹叶青和沙蟒的毒液（10微克/毫升）表现出突触后神经肌肉活性，间接（0.1赫兹，0.2毫秒，超强电压）抽搐受到抑制即为证据。新斯的明（5微摩尔）逆转了食蜗蛇毒液（10微克/毫升）引起的抑制作用，而莫桑比克射毒眼镜蛇毒液（10微克/毫升）的抑制作用则自发逆转，表明这两种毒液的作用方式都是可逆的。双斑锦蛇（10微克/毫升）表现出不可逆的突触前神经毒性活性。仅在双斑锦蛇、沙蟒和莫桑比克射毒眼镜蛇的毒液中发现了可检测水平的磷脂酶A2活性。结果表明，所有谱系中迄今未被怀疑的药理作用多样性，其影响范围可能从蛇伤的临床处理到毒液进化。
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