Priel Beatriz
Department of Behavioral Sciences, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva IL-84105, Israel.
Int J Psychoanal. 2004 Aug;85(Pt 4):935-49. doi: 10.1516/0020757041557601.
The author's main contention is that Borges's short story 'Emma Zunz' not only includes psychoanalytic themes, but also succeeds in effecting, through the fictional text's form, a reading akin to a psychoanalytic approach to the vicissitudes of truth and meaning. This is an approach named by Bion, after Keats, 'negative capability'; for example, an openness, not to the (impossible) knowledge of truth, but to its effects. The effect of reading Borges's story is analyzed as conveyed through three main narrative strategies: (a) the minute description of Emma's falsities and her fabrication of lies, as processes through which the awareness of internal reality is thoroughly transformed; (b) the subversion of the detective narrative genre making obsolete its conventions; (c) the introduction of a narrator who paradoxically knows and doesn't know crucial aspects of Emma's internal and external reality, who is both close to and distant from the reader, and who never decides among the diverse alternatives he proposes. These narrative strategies transform the story into a perplexing playground for the reader's expectations. Borges's peculiar way of narrating the story of 'Emma Zunz' powerfully appeals to the reader's capability not to search for the truth, but to allow herself to be affected by it; not to decipher, but to follow the patient's discourse or the story in the written text.
作者的主要论点是，博尔赫斯的短篇小说《爱玛·宗兹》不仅包含精神分析主题，而且通过虚构文本的形式，成功实现了一种类似于精神分析方法的对真理与意义变迁的解读。这是一种由比昂以济慈之名命名的方法，即“消极能力”；例如，一种开放性，不是针对（不可能的）真理知识，而是针对其效果。对博尔赫斯故事的阅读效果通过三种主要叙事策略进行分析：（a）对爱玛的虚假行为及其谎言编造的细致描述，这些是内部现实认知被彻底转变的过程；（b）对侦探叙事类型的颠覆，使其惯例过时；（c）引入一个叙述者，他自相矛盾地既知晓又不知晓爱玛内外现实的关键方面，他与读者既亲近又疏远，并且从不从他提出的各种选择中做出决定。这些叙事策略将故事转变为一个令读者期望陷入困惑的游乐场。博尔赫斯讲述《爱玛·宗兹》故事的独特方式有力地吸引读者运用自身能力，不是去探寻真相，而是让自己被真相所影响；不是去解读，而是去追随书面文本中患者的话语或故事。
