Lee K A
Department of Family Health Care Nursing, School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco 94143-0606, USA.
Sleep Med Rev. 1998 Nov;2(4):231-42. doi: 10.1016/s1087-0792(98)90010-7.
Pregnancy, childbirth, and early motherhood physiologically and psychologically affect a woman's sleep. Hormonal alterations during early pregnancy, enlargement of the fetus during late pregnancy, and a newborn with random sleep-wake patterns all contribute to disrupted sleep. Since the initial study of sleep and pregnancy in 1968, fewer than 20 articles have been published which address alterations in sleep architecture related specifically to childbearing women. Furthermore, many of these studies suffer from small sample sizes and lack statistical power for consistent interpretation and replication of findings. While almost all of these studies included both nulliparas and multiparas in their samples, rarely have effects of parity been reported. The majority of older studies were cross-sectional designs, with comparisons to age-matched healthy controls. More recent studies have been longitudinal designs to describe changes in sleep during the course of pregnancy. However, women's baseline, prepregnancy sleep patterns or sleep histories have not been considered. With very few published reports of sleep changes related to mental health outcomes, we are no closer to understanding the implications of altered sleep patterns on postpartum depression or other women's health outcomes than we were when it was originally questioned 30 years ago.
怀孕、分娩及产后初期在生理和心理上会影响女性的睡眠。孕早期的激素变化、孕晚期胎儿的长大以及睡眠-清醒模式无规律的新生儿，这些都会导致睡眠中断。自1968年首次对睡眠与怀孕进行研究以来，发表的专门探讨与育龄女性相关的睡眠结构变化的文章不足20篇。此外，这些研究中有许多样本量较小，缺乏统计学效力以对研究结果进行一致的解读和重复验证。虽然几乎所有这些研究的样本中都同时包含初产妇和经产妇，但很少有研究报告过产次的影响。大多数早期研究采用横断面设计，并与年龄匹配的健康对照组进行比较。最近的研究采用纵向设计来描述孕期睡眠的变化。然而，并未考虑女性的基线、孕前睡眠模式或睡眠史。由于与心理健康结果相关的睡眠变化的公开报告极少，我们对于睡眠模式改变对产后抑郁症或其他女性健康结果的影响的了解，并不比30年前最初提出这个问题时更深入。
