Lindsay W R, Smith A H W, Quinn K, Anderson A, Smith A, Allan R, Law J
NHS Tayside, Dundee, Scotland, UK.
J Intellect Disabil Res. 2004 Sep;48(Pt 6):580-90. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2788.2004.00627.x.
There have been a few reports describing the characteristics and outcomes of male offenders with intellectual disability (ID). Therefore, while we are building up a reasonable picture of this client group, there are almost no reports of female offenders with ID. This paper is a preliminary attempt to present information on a small cohort of female offenders.
Characteristics of female offenders are presented including information on age, IQ, mental illness, referring agents, crimes committed, problems identified, sexual and physical abuse and outcome. Some comparisons are made with corresponding descriptions of male cohorts in Lindsay et al. (2004).
The main result is that females constitute 9% of referrals to the service. Other notable results are that: at 61% sexual abuse in the cohort of female offenders is higher than in male cohorts but at 38.5% physical abuse is no higher than in appropriate comparison groups; as with mainstream female offenders identification of mental illness is high at 67%; and total re-offending over 5 years was 22% but, excluding prostitution, was only 16.5%.
In some respects, this cohort of female offenders shows similar characteristics to their male counterparts. However, there are higher levels of mental illness, higher levels of sexual abuse and lower levels of re-offending. It is hypothesized that as females constitute such a low percentage of referrals, it suggests that women with ID do not show the same levels of sexually abusive behaviour or aggressive behaviour--the two most frequent reasons for male referral. Therefore, an intervening variable such as mental illness may indeed be a significant factor. Lower re-offending rates may indicate the success of interventions directed at psychological problems and mental illness.
已有一些报告描述了智力残疾男性罪犯的特征及结果。因此，尽管我们正在逐步了解这一客户群体的合理情况，但几乎没有关于智力残疾女性罪犯的报告。本文是对一小群女性罪犯信息进行呈现的初步尝试。
介绍了女性罪犯的特征，包括年龄、智商、精神疾病、转介机构、所犯罪行、发现的问题、性虐待和身体虐待情况以及结果。并与林赛等人（2004年）对男性群体的相应描述进行了一些比较。
主要结果是女性占该服务机构转介案例的9%。其他显著结果包括：在女性罪犯群体中，61%遭受性虐待的比例高于男性群体，但38.5%遭受身体虐待的比例并不高于适当的对照组；与主流女性罪犯一样，精神疾病的确诊率较高，为67%；5年期间的再次犯罪率为22%，但排除卖淫后，仅为16.5%。
在某些方面，这群女性罪犯表现出与男性罪犯相似的特征。然而，她们的精神疾病发病率更高，性虐待发生率更高，再次犯罪率更低。据推测，由于女性在转介案例中所占比例如此之低，这表明智力残疾女性并未表现出与男性相同程度的性虐待行为或攻击行为——这是男性被转介的两个最常见原因。因此，诸如精神疾病这样的干预变量可能确实是一个重要因素。较低的再次犯罪率可能表明针对心理问题和精神疾病的干预取得了成功。
