Starai V J, Escalante-Semerena J C
Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 264 Enzyme Institute, 1710 University Avenue, 53726-4087, Madison, Wisconsin 53726-4087, USA.
Cell Mol Life Sci. 2004 Aug;61(16):2020-30. doi: 10.1007/s00018-004-3448-x.
Acetyl-coenzyme A synthetase (AMP forming; Acs) is an enzyme whose activity is central to the metabolism of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. The physiological role of this enzyme is to activate acetate to acetyl-coenzyme A (Ac-CoA). The importance of Acs has been recognized for decades, since it provides the cell the two-carbon metabolite used in many anabolic and energy generation processes. In the last decade researchers have learned how carefully the cell monitors the synthesis and activity of this enzyme. In eukaryotes and prokaryotes, complex regulatory systems control acs gene expression as a function carbon flux, with a second layer of regulation exerted posttranslationally by the NAD+/sirtuin-dependent protein acetylation/deacetylation system. Recent structural work provides snapshots of the dramatic conformational changes Acs undergoes during catalysis. Future work on the regulation of acs gene expression will expand our understanding of metabolic integration, while structure/function studies will reveal more details of the function of this splendid molecular machine.
乙酰辅酶A合成酶（AMP形成型；Acs）是一种酶，其活性对于原核细胞和真核细胞的代谢至关重要。该酶的生理作用是将乙酸盐激活为乙酰辅酶A（Ac-CoA）。几十年来，Acs的重要性已得到认可，因为它为细胞提供了用于许多合成代谢和能量生成过程的二碳代谢物。在过去十年中，研究人员了解到细胞对该酶的合成和活性监测得多么精细。在真核生物和原核生物中，复杂的调节系统根据碳通量控制acs基因表达，第二层调节由NAD⁺/沉默调节蛋白依赖性蛋白质乙酰化/去乙酰化系统在翻译后发挥作用。最近的结构研究提供了Acs在催化过程中发生的显著构象变化的快照。未来关于acs基因表达调控的研究将扩展我们对代谢整合的理解，而结构/功能研究将揭示这个出色分子机器功能的更多细节。
