Nutescu Edith A, Helgason Cathy M
Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA.
Pharmacotherapy. 2004 Jul;24(7 Pt 2):82S-87S. doi: 10.1592/phco.24.10.82s.36121.
Anticoagulation is an essential component of the care of patients with venous thromboembolism (VTE). Traditional anticoagulants for the treatment of VTE include unfractionated heparin (UFH), low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH), and the oral vitamin K antagonist, warfarin. A variety of anticoagulant agents with improved pharmacologic and clinical profiles are emerging and offer benefits over the traditional therapies. One of the most recent advances has been the development of new agents, such as oral direct thrombin inhibitors and factor Xa inhibitors, that have a more selective and targeted effect on the coagulation cascade. Recent clinical trials have evaluated fondaparinux, the first commercially available factor Xa inhibitor, in the treatment of patients with deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism and indicate efficacy and safety as compared with traditional options such as UFH and LMWH. Fondaparinux is a welcomed addition to the available antithrombotic options.
抗凝治疗是静脉血栓栓塞症（VTE）患者护理的重要组成部分。用于治疗VTE的传统抗凝剂包括普通肝素（UFH）、低分子量肝素（LMWH）以及口服维生素K拮抗剂华法林。多种具有改善的药理学和临床特征的抗凝剂正在涌现，相较于传统疗法具有诸多优势。最新进展之一是开发了新型药物，如口服直接凝血酶抑制剂和Xa因子抑制剂，它们对凝血级联反应具有更具选择性和靶向性的作用。近期临床试验评估了首个上市的Xa因子抑制剂磺达肝癸钠在治疗深静脉血栓形成和肺栓塞患者中的效果，结果表明与UFH和LMWH等传统药物相比，其具有疗效和安全性。磺达肝癸钠是现有抗血栓药物中的一个受欢迎的补充。
