McCarthy G M
Division of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.
Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1992 Feb;73(2):181-6. doi: 10.1016/0030-4220(92)90192-s.
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related oral candidiasis affects approximately one third of HIV-seropositive patients and more than 90% of patients with AIDS. It is necessary to identify patients who have a greater risk of candidiasis developing, so that interventions can be designed to reduce the frequency. This is particularly important because there is evidence that Candida species are immunosuppressive and therefore candidiasis may adversely affect the prognosis of patients with HIV. Susceptibility to HIV-related oral candidiasis is associated with xerostomia, severity of disease, depression of cell-mediated immunity, and older age (greater than 35 years). The frequency of HIV-related oral candidiasis is notably increased when the CD4 lymphocyte count falls to less than 300 cells/mm3. Xerostomia appears to be a better predictor of HIV-related oral candidiasis than CD4 count and should be prevented (e.g., by avoiding xerogenic drugs) and treated, when necessary, to minimize the risk of oral candidiasis.
人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）相关的口腔念珠菌病影响约三分之一的HIV血清阳性患者以及超过90%的艾滋病患者。有必要识别念珠菌病发生风险较高的患者，以便设计干预措施来降低其发病频率。这一点尤为重要，因为有证据表明念珠菌属具有免疫抑制作用，因此念珠菌病可能会对HIV患者的预后产生不利影响。HIV相关口腔念珠菌病的易感性与口干症、疾病严重程度、细胞介导免疫功能低下以及年龄较大（大于35岁）有关。当CD4淋巴细胞计数降至低于300个细胞/mm³时，HIV相关口腔念珠菌病的发病频率会显著增加。与CD4计数相比，口干症似乎是HIV相关口腔念珠菌病更好的预测指标，应加以预防（如避免使用致口干药物），并在必要时进行治疗，以将口腔念珠菌病的风险降至最低。
