Valenzuela M S, Herold J M, Morris L, López I M
Universidad de Chile, Facultad de Medicina, División de Ciencias Médicas Occidente, Santiago.
Bol Oficina Sanit Panam. 1992 Jan;112(1):19-30.
In 1988 a survey was carried out in order to obtain information on knowledge about reproduction, sexual activity, attitudes, and use of contraceptive methods among residents between 15 and 24 years of age in Greater Santiago. For this purpose, a multistage, self-weighted, non-replacement probability sample was chosen from the entire Santiago urban area. After 2,898 households were visited, 865 women and 800 men were selected and interviewed. For the interview, a questionnaire with 156 questions was developed; many questions were similar to those included in similar surveys in Brazil and Guatemala. The interviewers were professionals who had received prior training. Although 75% of the interviewees had attended sex education classes, they had erroneous ideas on various basic subjects. Sixty-nine percent of the women interviewed had undergone menarche before attending these classes. In addition, 35.4% of the women and 65.0% of the men had had sexual relations prior to marriage, and less than 20% had used any contraceptive method. More than 60% of the interviewees who had children had conceived them before marrying. These findings point up the necessity of offering sex education classes for children and young people, as well as facilitating their access to family planning services, in order to decrease the number of illegitimate and unwanted children that are born in Chile.
1988年，为了获取大圣地亚哥15至24岁居民有关生殖、性活动、态度及避孕方法使用情况的信息，开展了一项调查。为此，从圣地亚哥整个市区选取了一个多阶段、自加权、无放回概率样本。在走访了2898户家庭后，挑选并采访了865名女性和800名男性。为此次访谈，编制了一份包含156个问题的问卷；许多问题与巴西和危地马拉类似调查中的问题相似。访谈人员均为接受过前期培训的专业人员。尽管75%的受访者上过性教育课程，但他们在各种基础问题上仍有错误观念。接受访谈的女性中有69%在参加这些课程之前就已初潮。此外，35.4%的女性和65.0%的男性在婚前有过性行为，且不到20%的人使用过任何避孕方法。有孩子的受访者中，超过60%是在结婚前怀孕的。这些调查结果表明，有必要为儿童和年轻人开设性教育课程，并为他们提供获得计划生育服务的便利，以减少智利非婚生育和意外生育的儿童数量。
