Lavoué Sébastien, Sullivan John P
Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, W263 Seeley G. Mudd Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
Mol Phylogenet Evol. 2004 Oct;33(1):171-85. doi: 10.1016/j.ympev.2004.04.021.
Fishes of the Superorder Osteoglossomorpha (the "bonytongues") constitute a morphologically heterogeneous group of basal teleosts, including highly derived subgroups such as African electric fishes, the African butterfly fish, and Old World knifefishes. Lack of consensus among hypotheses of osteoglossomorph relationships advanced during the past 30 years may be due in part to the difficulty of identifying shared derived characters among the morphologically differentiated extant families of this group. In this study, we present a novel phylogenetic hypothesis for this group, based on the analysis of more than 4000 characters from five molecular markers (the mitochondrial cytochrome b, 12S and 16S rRNA genes, and the nuclear genes RAG2 and MLL). Our taxonomic sampling includes one representative of each extant non-mormyrid osteoglossomorph genus, one representative for the monophyletic family Mormyridae, and four outgroup taxa within the basal Teleostei. Maximum parsimony analysis of combined and equally weighted characters from the five molecular markers and Bayesian analysis provide a single, well-supported, hypothesis of osteoglossomorph interrelationships and show the group to be monophyletic. The tree topology is the following: (Hiodon alosoides, (Pantodon buchholzi, (((Osteoglossum bicirrhosum, Scleropages sp.), (Arapaima gigas, Heterotis niloticus)), ((Gymnarchus niloticus, Ivindomyrus opdenboschi), ((Notopterus notopterus, Chitala ornata), (Xenomystus nigri, Papyrocranus afer)))))). We compare our results with previously published phylogenetic hypotheses based on morpho-anatomical data. Additionally, we explore the consequences of the long terminal branch length for the taxon Pantodon buchholzi in our phylogenetic reconstruction and we use the obtained phylogenetic tree to reconstruct the evolutionary history of electroreception in the Notopteroidei.
骨舌鱼总目（“骨舌鱼”）的鱼类构成了硬骨鱼基部形态各异的一类，包括高度特化的亚群，如非洲电鱼、非洲蝴蝶鱼和东半球刀鱼。在过去30年中提出的关于骨舌鱼亲缘关系的假说缺乏共识，部分原因可能是难以在该类群形态分化的现存科中识别共同的衍生特征。在本研究中，我们基于对来自五个分子标记（线粒体细胞色素b、12S和16S rRNA基因以及核基因RAG2和MLL）的4000多个特征的分析，提出了该类群新的系统发育假说。我们的分类取样包括每个现存非长颌鱼目骨舌鱼属的一个代表、单系科长颌鱼科的一个代表以及基部硬骨鱼中的四个外类群分类单元。对来自五个分子标记的组合且权重相等的特征进行最大简约分析和贝叶斯分析，提供了一个单一的、得到充分支持的骨舌鱼相互关系假说，并表明该类群是单系的。树形拓扑结构如下：（似西鲱弓背鱼，（布氏非洲蝴蝶鱼，（（双须骨舌鱼、巩鱼属），（巨骨舌鱼、尼罗异耳骨舌鱼）），（（裸臀鱼、奥氏温多鳗），（（背棘鱼、饰纹锯腹脂鲤），（黑异耳骨舌鱼、阿非利加肺鱼））））。我们将我们的结果与先前基于形态解剖数据发表的系统发育假说进行比较。此外，我们探讨了在我们的系统发育重建中长末端分支长度对分类单元布氏非洲蝴蝶鱼的影响，并使用得到的系统发育树重建了刀鱼亚目电感受的进化历史。
