Fang Fengman, Wang Qichao, Li Junfeng
Terrestrial Resources and Tourism College, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui Province, PR China.
Sci Total Environ. 2004 Sep 1;330(1-3):159-70. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2004.04.006.
Mercury concentrations in each environmental compartment in Changchun City had obvious spatial and temporal trends. Particulate Hg (HgP) and total gaseous mercury (TGM) concentrations in air, total Hg (HgT) concentrations in precipitation and ratios of HgP to HgT (total Hg in air) in the atmosphere in heating season were higher than those in non-heating season, which resulted from civil heating. In contrast, reactive Hg (HgR) concentrations in precipitation were higher in non-heating season than those in heating season. TGM and SO2 in air had good agreement. HgP concentrations in the atmosphere were correlated with HgT concentrations in precipitation. Based on Hg concentrations in each environmental compartment, Hg exchange fluxes between environmental interfaces were estimated. Only 11.6% of Hg, emitted from coal combustion, deposited into land surface in urban district and the rest part participated in regional or global cycle, so urban district was the source of Hg global and regional cycle. Net fluxes of Hg into land surface and water were 34.26 kg year(-1) and 0.051 kg year(-1), respectively, which were clearly accumulated in the water and soil. Therefore considering urban local Hg cycle, each environmental compartment of urban ecosystem (water, air and soil) was the sink of Hg.
长春市各环境介质中的汞浓度具有明显的时空变化趋势。采暖季空气中的颗粒态汞（HgP）和总气态汞（TGM）浓度、降水中的总汞（HgT）浓度以及大气中HgP与HgT（空气中总汞）的比值均高于非采暖季，这是由民用供暖导致的。相反，非采暖季降水中的活性汞（HgR）浓度高于采暖季。空气中的TGM和SO₂具有良好的相关性。大气中的HgP浓度与降水中的HgT浓度相关。基于各环境介质中的汞浓度，估算了环境界面间的汞交换通量。燃煤排放的汞仅有11.6%沉积在市区地表，其余部分参与区域或全球循环，因此市区是汞全球和区域循环的源。汞向地表和水体的净通量分别为34.26 kg·年⁻¹和0.051 kg·年⁻¹，明显在水体和土壤中积累。因此，从城市局部汞循环来看，城市生态系统的各环境介质（水、空气和土壤）均为汞的汇。
