Gulis Gabriel, Mulumba Joshua Anam Amos, Juma Olivia, Kakosova Beatrica
Department of Health Promotion Research, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Niels Bohrvej 9-10, Esbjerg 6700, Denmark.
Environ Res. 2004 Oct;96(2):219-27. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2004.01.016.
The objective of this study was to describe the health status of people living in the slums of Nairobi. It was designed as a cross-sectional study based on data from visitors at a clinic at Trnava University located in Mukuru slum in Nairobi. There were about 16,000 visits registered at Mary Immaculate Clinic of Trnava University in Nairobi during 2 years of operation. A random 5% sample was drawn from the paper-card database of this clinic to assess basic characteristics and health complaints of visitors. Both self-reported health complaints and diagnoses written by physicians were used to assess health status of participants. More females with average age (by slum) ranging from 20.46 to 21.30 years than males with average age ranging from (by slum) 15.86 to 19.49 years are the visitors of the clinic. The major self-reported health complaints of visitors were cough, abdominal pain, and headache for both sexes. The most frequent diagnoses were consequently virosis, acute respiratory infections, and bronchitis. Differences in health complaints by slums were observed and are described herein. The major health complaints and diagnoses in addition to the differences in health complaints and diagnoses by slum show that environmental conditions can have major influences on health status. Therefore, environmental improvements are important in the improvement of health status. A very high prevalence of respiratory complaints and gastrointestinal problems signify that improvements in air pollution reduction, drinking water provision, and waste management in slums can lead to more significant and sustainable improvements in health status than just simple treatment. This fact should be taken into account when planning future relief programs.
本研究的目的是描述内罗毕贫民窟居民的健康状况。该研究设计为一项横断面研究，基于位于内罗毕穆库鲁贫民窟的特尔纳瓦大学诊所访客的数据。在运营的两年中，内罗毕特尔纳瓦大学圣母无染原罪诊所登记了约16000次就诊。从该诊所的纸质卡片数据库中随机抽取5%的样本，以评估访客的基本特征和健康问题。自我报告的健康问题和医生书写的诊断结果均用于评估参与者的健康状况。该诊所的访客中，女性平均年龄（按贫民窟划分）在20.46岁至21.30岁之间，多于男性，男性平均年龄（按贫民窟划分）在15.86岁至19.49岁之间。访客自我报告的主要健康问题，男女均为咳嗽、腹痛和头痛。因此，最常见的诊断是病毒感染、急性呼吸道感染和支气管炎。观察到不同贫民窟之间在健康问题上存在差异，并在此进行描述。除了不同贫民窟在健康问题和诊断方面的差异外，主要的健康问题和诊断表明环境条件会对健康状况产生重大影响。因此，改善环境对改善健康状况很重要。呼吸道疾病和胃肠道问题的高患病率表明，与单纯治疗相比，减少贫民窟的空气污染、提供饮用水和进行废物管理，能在更大程度上和更可持续地改善健康状况。在规划未来的救济项目时应考虑到这一事实。
