Gottschall Jonathan
St. Lawrence University, 23 Romoda Dr., Canton, NY 13617, USA.
J Sex Res. 2004 May;41(2):129-36. doi: 10.1080/00224490409552221.
In the years since the first reports of mass rapes in the Yugoslavian wars of secession and the genocidal massacres in Rwanda, feminist activists and scholars, human rights organizations, journalists, and social scientists have dedicated unprecedented efforts to document, explain, and seek solutions for the phenomenon of wartime rape. While contributors to this literature agree on much, there is no consensus on causal factors. This paper provides a brief overview of the literature on wartime rape in historical and ethnographical societies and a critical analysis of the four leading explanations for its root causes: the feminist theory, the cultural pathology theory, the strategic rape theory, and the biosocial theory. The paper concludes that the biosocial theory is the only one capable of bringing all the phenomena associated with wartime rape into a single explanatory context.
自首次报道南斯拉夫分裂战争中的大规模强奸事件以及卢旺达的种族灭绝大屠杀以来，女权主义活动家与学者、人权组织、记者和社会科学家付出了前所未有的努力，去记录、解释战时强奸现象并寻求解决方案。尽管该领域的研究者在很多方面达成了共识，但在因果因素上却没有一致的看法。本文简要概述了历史社会和民族志社会中关于战时强奸的文献，并对其根源的四种主要解释进行了批判性分析：女权主义理论、文化病理学理论、战略强奸理论和生物社会理论。本文的结论是，生物社会理论是唯一能够将与战时强奸相关的所有现象纳入单一解释框架的理论。
