McCready S, Spyrakis G, Greely C R, Birch G F, Long E R
Environmental Geology Group, School of Geosciences, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
Environ Monit Assess. 2004 Aug-Sep;96(1-3):53-83. doi: 10.1023/b:emas.0000031716.34645.71.
The toxicological responses of three species to 103 surficial saltwater sediment samples from Sydney Harbour, and coastal lakes and estuaries on the south-east coast of New South Wales, Australia, were tested in a battery of four to six laboratory toxicity tests. This is the first large-scale toxicological study of sediments in Australia, the objective of which is to assess the protective and predictive abilities of North American biological effects-based sediment quality guidelines, recently adopted in Australia. Amphipods were exposed to whole sediments in survival and reburial tests, sea urchin fertilisation and larval development tests were conducted on porewaters, and bacterial bio-luminescence (Microtox) tests were conducted on organic solvent extracts and porewaters. Local indigenous species were used for the amphipod and sea urchin tests (Corophium sp. and Heliocidaris tuberculata, respectively). A wide range of responses, from <25 to 100% of negative controls were observed in all tests. Mean control-adjusted responses ranged from 46 to 96% for all tests. The percentages of highly toxic samples ranged from 11 to 83% in the various tests. The order of test sensitivity was: amphipod survival < Microtox test of porewaters < amphipod reburial < sea urchin larval development < sea urchin fertilisation < Microtox test of solvent extracts. Concordance between toxicity tests in classifying samples as highly toxic or not, ranged from 47 to 79%, indicating some similarities between test results, but not complete equivalence. Combined toxicity test results showed that the incidence of highly toxic responses occurring in the majority of tests (75-100% of tests) was low (5% of samples), but a large percentage of samples had highly toxic results in at least one test (76% of samples). Toxicity was more pervasive in the Sydney region than in coastal lakes and estuaries south of Sydney. The current study demonstrated the utility of indigenous invertebrate species and the Microtox bacterium in a sediment toxicity test battery for Australian saltwater sediments.
通过一系列四到六项实验室毒性测试，对三种生物针对来自悉尼港以及澳大利亚新南威尔士州东南海岸的沿海湖泊和河口的103份表层海水沉积物样本的毒理学反应进行了测试。这是澳大利亚首次针对沉积物开展的大规模毒理学研究，其目的是评估澳大利亚最近采用的基于北美生物效应的沉积物质量准则的保护和预测能力。在生存和再掩埋测试中，将双壳类动物暴露于整个沉积物中，在孔隙水样本上进行海胆受精和幼体发育测试，并在有机溶剂提取物和孔隙水样本上进行细菌生物发光（Microtox）测试。在双壳类动物和海胆测试中使用了当地本土物种（分别为Corophium sp.和Heliocidaris tuberculata）。在所有测试中均观察到了广泛的反应，从低于阴性对照的25%到100%不等。所有测试中，经对照调整后的平均反应范围为46%至96%。在各项测试中，高毒性样本的百分比范围为11%至83%。测试敏感度顺序为：双壳类动物生存 < 孔隙水的Microtox测试 < 双壳类动物再掩埋 < 海胆幼体发育 < 海胆受精 < 溶剂提取物的Microtox测试。毒性测试在将样本分类为高毒性或非高毒性方面的一致性范围为47%至79%，这表明测试结果之间存在一些相似性，但并非完全等效。综合毒性测试结果表明，在大多数测试（75% - 100%的测试）中出现高毒性反应的发生率较低（样本的5%），但很大比例的样本在至少一项测试中呈现高毒性结果（样本的76%）。悉尼地区的毒性比悉尼以南的沿海湖泊和河口更为普遍。当前研究证明了本土无脊椎动物物种和Microtox细菌在澳大利亚海水沉积物毒性测试组中的实用性。
