Björnsdóttir Kristin, Malchau Susanne
Faculty of Nursing, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.
Nurs Inq. 2004 Sep;11(3):166-75. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1800.2004.00227.x.
This paper describes the influence of foreign nurses upon the development of modern healthcare services and the nursing profession in Iceland in the first three decades of the twentieth century. It represents a case study of how new ideas, traditions and practices migrated between countries and cultures in the twentieth century. Icelandic society was, at that time, still premodern in many ways. Healthcare institutions were almost nonexistent and the means of production were undeveloped. It was into this context that the idea of nursing as a professional activity was introduced. Groups of nurses, the Catholic Sisters of St Joseph of Chambéry and secular nurses, mainly from Denmark, came to the country to organize and provide healthcare services, of which nursing was of central importance. These groups were diasporas, in that they brought traditions and practices from other cultures. The Sisters of St Joseph built, owned and ran the first modern hospital in the country. The Danish nurses introduced nursing as a specialized field of work, in leprosy and tuberculosis nursing and by initiating public health nursing services. They were instrumental in promoting education as an important condition to becoming a nurse, and the development of an Icelandic nursing profession. These nurses were generally respected by the Icelandic people for their contributions and were received with interest and appreciation. The healthcare services introduced by these different groups of nurses reflected modern ways of living and a commitment to professionalism, which involved providing assistance to patients based on the best knowledge available and a philosophy of respect and care.
本文描述了20世纪头三十年外国护士对冰岛现代医疗服务发展和护理专业的影响。它是一个关于20世纪新思想、传统和实践如何在不同国家和文化间传播的案例研究。当时，冰岛社会在很多方面仍处于前现代阶段。医疗机构几乎不存在，生产方式也不发达。正是在这样的背景下，护理作为一种专业活动的理念被引入。一群护士，主要是来自丹麦的尚贝里圣约瑟夫天主教修女会修女和世俗护士，来到该国组织并提供医疗服务，其中护理是核心内容。这些群体属于侨民群体，因为他们带来了其他文化的传统和做法。圣约瑟夫修女会建造、拥有并运营了该国第一家现代医院。丹麦护士将护理引入作为一个专门的工作领域，包括麻风病和结核病护理，并开创了公共卫生护理服务。他们在推动教育成为成为护士的重要条件以及冰岛护理专业的发展方面发挥了重要作用。这些护士因其贡献普遍受到冰岛人民的尊重，并受到人们的关注和赞赏。这些不同群体的护士所引入的医疗服务反映了现代生活方式以及对专业精神的承诺，这包括基于现有最佳知识以及尊重和关怀的理念为患者提供帮助。
