Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada.
Nurs Inq. 2010 Jun;17(2):118-27. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1800.2010.00489.x.
Secular healthcare practices were standardized well before the churches' established their influence over the nursing profession. Indeed, such practices, resting on the tripartite axiom of domus, familia, hominem, were already established in hospitals during the middle ages. It was not until the last third of the eighteenth century that the Catholic Church imposed its culture on secular health institutions; the Protestant church followed suit in 1836. In reaction to the encroachment of religious orders on civil society and the amalgam of religious denominations favored, for example, by the devout Florence Nightingale (supported, in 1854, by Sir Sidney Herbert, the influential Puseyite), it is on 20 July 1859 that the great Swiss nineteenth century pedagogue and recipient of the Académie française Gold Medal, Valérie de Gasparin-Boissier (1813-94), proposed a model of secular healthcare training for nurses that would become a counter-model set in opposition to religious health institutions. Forerunner of later schools, the world's first secular autonomous Nursing School was founded in Lausanne, Switzerland. Its mission was to bring decisive changes to the statutes of nurses' training, which were then still based on six principles not far removed from those of religious communities at the time: commitment for life, the Rule of St Augustine, obedience, celibacy, the renouncement of salary, and the uniform.
世俗的医疗保健实践在教会对护理行业产生影响之前就已经得到了很好的规范。事实上，这些实践建立在 domus、familia、hominem 的三分法公理之上，早在中世纪就已经在医院中确立。直到 18 世纪的最后三分之一，天主教会才将其文化强加给世俗的卫生机构；新教教会在 1836 年也紧随其后。为了应对宗教秩序对公民社会的侵蚀以及对宗教教派的融合，例如，虔诚的弗洛伦斯·南丁格尔（在 1854 年得到了有影响力的普西派塞西尔·赫伯特爵士的支持），1859 年 7 月 20 日，伟大的瑞士 19 世纪教育家、法兰西学院金质奖章获得者瓦莱里·德·加斯帕里-博伊斯（1813-94 年）为护士提出了一种世俗医疗保健培训模式，成为与宗教医疗机构相对立的反模式。作为后来学校的先驱，世界上第一所世俗自主护理学校在瑞士洛桑成立。其使命是为护士培训的章程带来决定性的变化，当时的章程仍然基于六个原则，这些原则与当时宗教团体的原则相差不远：终身承诺、圣奥古斯丁规则、服从、独身、放弃工资和制服。
