Ferrari Marco, Mottola Leonardo, Quaresima Valentina
Department of Biomedical Sciences and Technologies, University of L'Aquila, Italy.
Can J Appl Physiol. 2004 Aug;29(4):463-87. doi: 10.1139/h04-031.
In the last decade the study of the human brain and muscle energetics underwent a radical change, thanks to the progressive introduction of noninvasive techniques, including near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy (NIRS). This review summarizes the most recent literature about the principles, techniques, advantages, limitations, and applications of NIRS in exercise physiology and neuroscience. The main NIRS instrumentations and measurable parameters will be reported. NIR light (700-1000 m) penetrates superficial layers (skin, subcutaneous fat, skull, etc.) and is either absorbed by chromophores (oxy- and deoxyhemoglobin and myoglobin) or scattered within the tissue. NIRS is a noninvasive and relatively low-cost optical technique that is becoming a widely used instrument for measuring tissue O2 saturation, changes in hemoglobin volume and, indirectly, brain/muscle blood flow and muscle O2 consumption. Tissue O2 saturation represents a dynamic balance between O2 supply and O2 consumption in the small vessels such as the capillary, arteriolar, and venular bed. The possibility of measuring the cortical activation in response to different stimuli, and the changes in the cortical cytochrome oxidase redox state upon O2 delivery changes, will also be mentioned.
在过去十年中，由于包括近红外（NIR）光谱学（NIRS）在内的非侵入性技术的逐步引入，对人类大脑和肌肉能量学的研究发生了根本性变化。本综述总结了关于NIRS在运动生理学和神经科学中的原理、技术、优势、局限性及应用的最新文献。将介绍主要的NIRS仪器设备和可测量参数。近红外光（700 - 1000纳米）穿透表层（皮肤、皮下脂肪、颅骨等），要么被发色团（氧合血红蛋白、脱氧血红蛋白和肌红蛋白）吸收，要么在组织内散射。NIRS是一种非侵入性且成本相对较低的光学技术，正成为一种广泛用于测量组织氧饱和度、血红蛋白体积变化以及间接测量脑/肌肉血流量和肌肉氧消耗的仪器。组织氧饱和度代表了在诸如毛细血管、小动脉和小静脉床等小血管中氧供应与氧消耗之间的动态平衡。还将提及响应不同刺激测量皮层激活以及在氧输送变化时皮层细胞色素氧化酶氧化还原状态变化的可能性。
