Cheung Bob, Hofer Kevin, Heskin Raquel, Smith Andrew
Defence Research & Development Canada - Toronto, Department of National Defence, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. .
Aviat Space Environ Med. 2004 Aug;75(8):657-65.
It has been suggested that a pilot's physiological and behavioral responses during disorientation can provide a real-time model of pilot state in order to optimize performance. We investigated whether there were consistent behavioral or physiological "markers" that can be monitored during a single episode of disorientation.
An Integrated Physiological Trainer with a closed loop interactive aircraft control and point of gaze/eye-tracking device was employed. There were 16 subjects proficient in maintaining straight and level flight and with procedures in changing attitude who were exposed to yaw rotation and a brief head roll to 35 +/- 2 degrees. On return to upright head position, subjects were required to initiate either an ascent or descent to a prescribed attitude. BP, HR, skin conductance, eye movements, and point of gaze were monitored throughout the onset, duration, and immediately after the disorientation insult. Simultaneously, airspeed and power settings were recorded.
Compared with the control condition, a significant increase (p < 0.01) in HR, HR variability, and mean arterial BP was observed during the disorientation. Flight performance decrement was reflected by a significant delay in setting power for attitude change and deviation in maintaining airspeed (p < 0.01).
Changes in cardiovascular responses appear to be correlated with the onset of disorientation. The correlation of changing eye-tracking behavior and flight performance decrement is consistent with our previous findings. Further study is required to determine whether these findings can be extrapolated to repeated exposures and to other disorientation scenarios.
有人提出，飞行员在迷失方向时的生理和行为反应可为优化飞行表现提供实时的飞行员状态模型。我们研究了在单次迷失方向期间是否存在可监测的一致行为或生理“标志物”。
采用了一种集成生理训练器，其具有闭环交互式飞机控制和注视点/眼动追踪装置。有16名精通保持直线平飞以及掌握改变姿态程序的受试者，让他们暴露于偏航旋转和短暂头部滚动至35±2度的情况。在头部恢复直立位置后，要求受试者开始上升或下降至规定姿态。在迷失方向刺激的开始、持续期间以及之后立即监测血压、心率、皮肤电导、眼动和注视点。同时，记录空速和功率设置。
与对照条件相比，在迷失方向期间观察到心率、心率变异性和平均动脉压显著增加（p < 0.01）。飞行性能下降表现为改变姿态时设置功率的显著延迟以及保持空速的偏差（p < 0.01）。
心血管反应的变化似乎与迷失方向的开始相关。眼动追踪行为变化与飞行性能下降之间的相关性与我们之前的研究结果一致。需要进一步研究以确定这些发现是否可外推至重复暴露以及其他迷失方向的情况。
