Yuan Chun-Su
Department of Anesthesia & Critical Care, Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, 5841 S. Maryland Avenue, MC 4028, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
J Support Oncol. 2004 Mar-Apr;2(2):111-7; discussion 119-22.
Opioids are associated with a number of adverse effects, constipation being the most common long-term adverse effect in patients with advanced cancer. Significant progress has been made over the past several decades in understanding the mechanisms of action of opioid compounds; however, these advances have yielded few new treatments for the bowel dysfunction caused by opioids. Methylnaltrexone, the first peripheral opioid receptor antagonist and currently under clinical investigation, has the potential to prevent or treat opioid-induced peripherally mediated side effects, such as constipation, without interfering with analgesia. This article reviews existing clinical data on methylnaltrexone, focusing on the antagonism of opioid-induced adverse effects in the gut.
阿片类药物会引发多种不良反应，便秘是晚期癌症患者中最常见的长期不良反应。在过去几十年里，人们对阿片类化合物的作用机制的理解取得了重大进展；然而，这些进展几乎没有带来针对阿片类药物所致肠道功能障碍的新治疗方法。甲基纳曲酮是首个外周阿片受体拮抗剂，目前正处于临床研究阶段，它有可能预防或治疗阿片类药物引起的外周介导的副作用，如便秘，而不影响镇痛效果。本文综述了关于甲基纳曲酮的现有临床数据，重点关注其对肠道中阿片类药物所致不良反应的拮抗作用。
