Weinshilboum Richard, Wang Liewei
Mayo Medical School-Mayo Graduate School, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.
Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2004 Sep;3(9):739-48. doi: 10.1038/nrd1497.
Pharmacogenetics is the study of the role of inheritance in inter-individual variation in drug response. Since its origins in the mid-twentieth century, a major driving force in pharmacogenetics research has been the promise of individualized drug therapy to maximize drug efficacy and minimize drug toxicity. In recent years, the convergence of advances in pharmacogenetics with rapid developments in human genomics has resulted in the evolution of pharmacogenetics into pharmacogenomics, and led to increasing enthusiasm for the 'translation' of this evolving discipline into clinical practice. Here, we briefly summarize the development of pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics, and then discuss the key factors that have had an influence on - and will continue to affect - the translation of pharmacogenomics from the research bench to the bedside, highlighting the challenges that need to be addressed to achieve this goal.
药物遗传学是研究遗传因素在个体间药物反应差异中所起作用的学科。自20世纪中叶起源以来，药物遗传学研究的一个主要驱动力是个性化药物治疗有望实现药物疗效最大化和药物毒性最小化。近年来，药物遗传学的进展与人类基因组学的快速发展相结合，导致药物遗传学演变为药物基因组学，并引发了人们对将这一不断发展的学科“转化”为临床实践的日益高涨的热情。在此，我们简要总结药物遗传学和药物基因组学的发展，然后讨论影响并将继续影响药物基因组学从实验室到临床转化的关键因素，重点强调实现这一目标需要应对的挑战。
