Brodhun B, Kramer M H, Krause G
Robert Koch-Institut, Berlin.
Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz. 2004 Aug;47(8):755-61. doi: 10.1007/s00103-004-0883-7.
The Infectious Disease Control Act enacted in Germany in January 2001 led to the establishment of a new reporting system for infectious disease. The implementation of this system was evaluated to identify opportunities for further improvement. In a survey of all German local health departments the following criteria were analyzed: resources (staff and technical equipment), information needs (satisfaction with current offers/further training requirements), data analysis (extent of local data analysis/feedback of national data), and acceptability (case definitions/electronic reporting). In local health departments, 11% of the staff were assigned to the infectious disease reporting system. Data were processed mainly by nonmedical staff (78.4%). A computer work-station is available for most staff members. One-third of the local health departments uses the RKI software "SurvNet@rki" for data transmission. All others use commercial software. Experience with the electronic reporting system was rated as very good/good by 47.1% of local health departments, as satisfactory by 44.5%, and as problematic by 8.4%. Most of the local health departments were satisfied with the offers of information provided by RKI (96.4%) and state health departments (83.7%), respectively. However, 49.1% of the local health departments saw a need for further education and training. The implementation of case definitions was supported by 95% of the local health departments, but transmission criteria were criticized. In summary, the new infectious disease reporting system in Germany was successfully implemented. However, the system could be improved through reduction of software problems concerning electronic data processing and transmission, expansion of current offers of in-formation and provision of special staff training programs, and revision of the case definitions concerning clearness and simpler handling.
2001年1月德国颁布的《传染病防治法》促成了新的传染病报告系统的建立。对该系统的实施情况进行了评估，以找出进一步改进的机会。在对德国所有地方卫生部门的一项调查中，分析了以下标准：资源（人员和技术设备）、信息需求（对当前信息提供的满意度/进一步培训需求）、数据分析（地方数据分析的程度/国家数据的反馈）以及可接受性（病例定义/电子报告）。在地方卫生部门，11%的工作人员被分配到传染病报告系统。数据主要由非医务人员处理（78.4%）。大多数工作人员都有一台计算机工作站。三分之一的地方卫生部门使用罗伯特·科赫研究所（RKI）的软件“SurvNet@rki”进行数据传输。其他所有部门都使用商业软件。47.1%的地方卫生部门对电子报告系统的体验评价为非常好/好，44.5%评价为满意，8.4%评价为有问题。大多数地方卫生部门分别对罗伯特·科赫研究所（96.4%）和州卫生部门（83.7%）提供的信息表示满意。然而，49.1%的地方卫生部门认为有必要进行进一步的教育和培训。95%的地方卫生部门支持病例定义的实施，但对传播标准提出了批评。总之，德国新的传染病报告系统已成功实施。然而，该系统可以通过减少与电子数据处理和传输有关的软件问题、扩大当前的信息提供并提供专门的人员培训计划，以及修订病例定义以提高清晰度和简化操作来加以改进。
