Zhang X D, Liang Y X, Lee C S, Jin T Y
School of Public Health Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China.
Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol. 2004 May-Aug;17(2 Suppl):25-30. doi: 10.1177/03946320040170S205.
This study is aimed at setting occupational exposure levels for total detergent dust and enzymes in detergent industries. The study population consisted of 795 workers from four enzyme-containing detergent manufacturing plants (A1, A2, B1 and B2), and 156 control workers from an electronic assembly factory. Work environment monitoring was conducted using high volume of air sampler fro measuring the concentration of total dust (mg/m3), and analyzing the level of enzyme (ng/m3) by ELISA method. A standard questionnaires, pulmonary function test, and skin prick test are used to assess health effects. The levels of detergent total dust varied from 0.2 mg/m3 to 12.54 mg/m3. For enzyme levels, in A1, B1 and B2, the concentration ranged from non-detectable to 9.92 ng/m3 and in A2, the concentration was analyzed by enzyme activity methods and was expressed as Gu/m3 (1 Gu/m3 = 16 ng/m3). The concentration is between 0.16-31.36 ng/m3. Non-specific irritation rates in exposed workers were significantly higher than that in controls. Based on the data collected from A1, B1 and control plants, 95% benchmark dose lower bound were calculated as 1.17 mg/m3. The difference of pulmonary function between exposed workers and controls is not significant. The results of SPT showed that neither Savinase- nor Alcalase-induced sensitization was found in controls. The prevalence rates of sensitization for Savinase and Alcalase were ranged between 3.2% and 31% in all enzyme-containing detergent manufacturers investigated. No case of occupational asthma was observed. For total dust, 1 mg/m3 is suggested as permissible concentration-time weighted average (PC-TWA), and 2 mg/m3 as permissible concentration-short term exposure limit (PC-STEL). For the enzyme Subtilisins, 15 ng/m3 is suggested as PC-TWA, and 30 ng/m3 as PC-STEL.
本研究旨在确定洗涤剂行业中洗涤剂总粉尘和酶的职业接触水平。研究对象包括来自四家含酶洗涤剂生产厂（A1、A2、B1和B2）的795名工人，以及一家电子装配厂的156名对照工人。使用大容量空气采样器进行工作环境监测，以测量总粉尘浓度（mg/m³），并通过ELISA方法分析酶水平（ng/m³）。采用标准问卷、肺功能测试和皮肤点刺试验来评估健康影响。洗涤剂总粉尘水平在0.2 mg/m³至12.54 mg/m³之间。对于酶水平，在A1、B1和B2中，浓度范围为未检出至9.92 ng/m³，在A2中，通过酶活性方法进行分析，并以Gu/m³表示（1 Gu/m³ = 16 ng/m³）。浓度在0.16 - 31.36 ng/m³之间。暴露工人的非特异性刺激率显著高于对照组。根据从A1、B1和对照工厂收集的数据，计算出95%基准剂量下限为1.17 mg/m³。暴露工人与对照组之间的肺功能差异不显著。皮肤点刺试验结果表明，对照组中未发现由Savinase或Alcalase引起的致敏反应。在所有调查的含酶洗涤剂生产厂家中，Savinase和Alcalase的致敏患病率在3.2%至31%之间。未观察到职业性哮喘病例。对于总粉尘，建议允许浓度 - 时间加权平均（PC - TWA）为1 mg/m³，允许浓度 - 短期接触限值（PC - STEL）为2 mg/m³。对于酶枯草杆菌蛋白酶，建议PC - TWA为15 ng/m³，PC - STEL为30 ng/m³。
