Effects of protein concentration on IgE receptor mobility in rat basophilic leukemia cell plasma membranes.

The ability of variations of membrane protein concentrations to modulate the lateral diffusion rate of an exemplary membrane protein has been studied in healthy and osmotically shocked cultured cells of the rat basophilic leukemia cell line, 2H3 subclone. Cell surface protein was redistributed by the method of in situ electrophoresis; exposure to electric fields of 1.25-5 V/cm results in cathodal migration of the majority of the surface proteins on this cell type (Ryan, T. A., J. Myers, D. Holowka, B. Baird, and W. W. Webb. Science [Wash. DC]. 239:61-64). Even in these small fields, the steady-state distribution becomes "crowded" with more than an 80% protein occupancy of accessible membrane area at the cathodal end of these spheroidal cells, and the anodal end becomes significantly depleted. We have employed fringe pattern fluorescence photobleaching with CCD imaging detection to measure lateral diffusion coefficients of the liganded IgE receptor on both crowded and uncrowded regions of individual rat basophilic leukemia cells. We find no significant difference in lateral diffusion rates in these regions. Cells swollen by hypoosmotic stress exhibit faster diffusion overall, with the uncrowded regions having a significantly greater increase in diffusion coefficient than the crowded regions. These results are consistent with the partial or total release of cytoskeletal constraints to membrane protein diffusion induced by osmotic stress.