Three dimensional measurement of the surface topography of ceramic and metallic orthopaedic joint prostheses.

The comprehensive study of surface topography of the orthopaedic joint prostheses has become very important for analysis of the wear mechanism and the performance life of the joint replacement systems. The aim of the study to investigate "best" methods for the three-dimensional (3D) surface metrology of orthopaedic joint prostheses. Characterization techniques for the identification and evaluation of the functional features of the bearing surface topographies has been provided in previous work. This paper concentrates on addressing issues of measurement and application techniques for assessment of the 3D surface topography of the joint replacement systems by using contacting stylus instruments, atomic force microscopes (AFM), and non-contacting measurement supported by focus detection instruments and phase-shifting interferometers. The techniques are discussed according to different analysis requirements of the orthopaedic joint prostheses. This work also discusses the performances of the instruments in terms of the measurement of femoral heads. Finally, recommendations for acceptable measurement techniques and application for analyzing surface topography of orthopaedic joint prostheses are summarized.