Lane H C
Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892.
Mt Sinai J Med. 1992 May;59(3):244-52.
In summary, patients with HIV infection have a variety of immunologic defects. The hallmark defect is a decrease in the number and function of helper-inducer or CD4 T lymphocytes. A decrease in CD4 count to less than 200 is associated with the development of opportunistic infections. The earliest functional defect is in soluble antigen recognition. Although there is an increase in the number of suppressor cytotoxic or CD8 T lymphocytes, there is a decrease in their function, presumably due to a lack of inductive signals from the CD4 T cells. Decreases in natural killer cell function occur, as does polyclonal B cell activation, which makes serologic diagnosis of opportunistic infections somewhat unreliable. Finally, there are also variable decreases in the function of the reticuloendothelial system.
总之，HIV感染患者存在多种免疫缺陷。标志性缺陷是辅助诱导性或CD4 T淋巴细胞数量及功能下降。CD4计数降至200以下与机会性感染的发生有关。最早的功能缺陷是可溶性抗原识别方面的缺陷。虽然抑制性细胞毒性或CD8 T淋巴细胞数量增加，但其功能下降，推测是由于缺乏来自CD4 T细胞的诱导信号。自然杀伤细胞功能下降，多克隆B细胞激活也会出现，这使得机会性感染的血清学诊断有些不可靠。最后，网状内皮系统的功能也有不同程度的下降。
