益生菌与人类健康：临床视角
Probiotics and human health: a clinical perspective.
作者信息
Gill H S, Guarner F
机构信息
Primary Industries Research Victoria, Department of Primary Industries, 600 Sneydes Road, Werribee, Victoria, Australia.
出版信息
Postgrad Med J. 2004 Sep;80(947):516-26. doi: 10.1136/pgmj.2003.008664.
There is unequivocal evidence that administration of probiotics could be effective in the treatment of acute infectious diarrhoea in children and the prevention of antibiotic associated diarrhoea and nosocomial/community acquired diarrhoea. Encouraging evidence is also emerging for the effectiveness of probiotics in the prevention and management of pouchitis and paediatric atopic diseases, and the prevention of postoperative infections. There is also strong evidence that certain probiotic strains are able to enhance immune function, especially in subjects with less than adequate immune function such as the elderly. Efficacy of probiotics in the prevention of traveller's diarrhoea, sepsis associated with severe acute pancreatitis, and cancers, the management of ulcerative colitis, and lowering of blood cholesterol remains unproven. In addition to firm evidence of efficacy (for a range of conditions), major gaps exist in our knowledge regarding the mechanisms by which probiotics modulate various physiological functions and the optimum dose, frequency, and duration of treatment for different probiotic strains.
有明确证据表明，使用益生菌可有效治疗儿童急性感染性腹泻，并预防抗生素相关性腹泻及医院/社区获得性腹泻。关于益生菌在预防和管理袋炎及儿童特应性疾病以及预防术后感染方面的有效性，也有越来越多令人鼓舞的证据。同样有充分证据表明，某些益生菌菌株能够增强免疫功能，尤其是在免疫功能欠佳的人群（如老年人）中。益生菌在预防旅行者腹泻、与重症急性胰腺炎相关的败血症及癌症、治疗溃疡性结肠炎以及降低血液胆固醇方面的功效尚未得到证实。除了有确凿的疗效证据（针对一系列病症）外，我们在益生菌调节各种生理功能的机制以及不同益生菌菌株的最佳治疗剂量、频率和疗程方面的知识还存在重大空白。
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