Kennes Christian, Veiga María C
Chemical Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences, Campus da Zapateira, University of La Coruña, E-15071, Spain.
J Biotechnol. 2004 Sep 30;113(1-3):305-19. doi: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2004.04.037.
Gas-phase biofilters used for the treatment of waste gases were originally packed with compost or other natural filter beds containing indigenous microorganisms. Over the past decade much effort has been made to develop new carrier materials, more performant biocatalysts and new types of bioreactors. Elimination capacities reached nowadays are 5 to 10 times higher than those originally reported with conventional compost biofilters. With the recently developed inert filter beds, inoculation is a prerequisite for successful start-up and operation. Either non-defined mixed cultures or pure bacterial cultures have originally been used. The search for efficient fungal biocatalysts started only a few years ago, mainly for the biofiltration of waste gases containing hydrophobic compounds, such as styrene, alpha-pinene, benzene, or alkylbenzenes. In this review, recently isolated new fungal strains able to degrade alkylbenzenes and other related volatile organic pollutants are described, as well as their major characteristics and their use as biocatalysts in gas-phase biofilters for air pollution control. In biofiltration, the most extensively studied organism belongs to the genus Exophiala, although strains of Scedosporium, Paecilomyces, Cladosporium, Cladophialophora, and white-rot fungi are all potential candidates for use in biofilters. Encouraging results were obtained in most of the cases in which some of those organisms were present in gas-phase biofilters. They allow reaching high elimination capacities and are resistant to low pH values and to reduce moisture content.
用于处理废气的气相生物滤池最初填充的是堆肥或其他含有本地微生物的天然滤床。在过去十年中，人们付出了巨大努力来开发新型载体材料、性能更优的生物催化剂和新型生物反应器。如今达到的去除能力比传统堆肥生物滤池最初报道的能力高5至10倍。对于最近开发的惰性滤床，接种是成功启动和运行的先决条件。最初使用的要么是未定义的混合培养物，要么是纯细菌培养物。对高效真菌生物催化剂的探索仅仅始于几年前，主要用于对含有疏水性化合物（如苯乙烯、α-蒎烯、苯或烷基苯）的废气进行生物过滤。在这篇综述中，描述了最近分离出的能够降解烷基苯和其他相关挥发性有机污染物的新型真菌菌株，以及它们的主要特性及其在用于空气污染控制的气相生物滤池中作为生物催化剂的用途。在生物过滤中，研究最广泛的生物体属于外瓶霉属，尽管拟青霉属、拟青霉属、枝孢属、枝孢瓶霉属和白腐真菌的菌株都是生物滤池中潜在的使用候选菌株。在气相生物滤池中存在其中一些生物体的大多数情况下都获得了令人鼓舞的结果。它们能够实现高去除能力，并且耐低pH值和降低的水分含量。
