Okifuji A, Friedman A G
Department of Psychology, State University of New York, Binghamton 13902.
Behav Res Ther. 1992 Jan;30(1):23-32. doi: 10.1016/0005-7967(92)90092-u.
This study used vection-induced symptoms of motion sickness as an unconditioned stimulus to condition food aversions in humans and to evaluate the efficacy of an overshadowing agent (novel flavored candy: CS2) to attenuate acquisition of the aversion. Subjects unfamiliar with a target food (CS1) were assigned to one of the following three groups which were identical except for order of exposure to stimuli: Taste Aversion Group (CS1-US-CS2-Test), Control Group (US-CS1-CS2-Test), and Overshadowing Group (CS1-CS2-US-Test). Subjects were tested on aversion ratings and consumption of the target flavor and ratings of the overshadowing agent. Subjects in the Taste Aversion group rated the target flavor as significantly more aversive and consumed less of it, although not significantly so, that did those in the Control group. The Overshadowing group consumed significantly more of the target food than did the Taste Aversion Group. Considering only subjects unfamiliar with the overshadowing agent, those in the Overshadowing group rated the agent (CS2) as significantly more aversive than the Taste Aversion and Control groups. Implications of these findings to taste aversions in humans are discussed.
本研究使用晕动病的动觉诱发症状作为无条件刺激，来建立人类对食物的厌恶条件，并评估一种遮蔽剂（新奇口味糖果：CS2）减弱厌恶习得的效果。不熟悉目标食物（CS1）的受试者被分配到以下三组中的一组，这三组除了刺激暴露顺序不同外完全相同：味觉厌恶组（CS1-US-CS2-测试）、对照组（US-CS1-CS2-测试）和遮蔽组（CS1-CS2-US-测试）。对受试者进行目标口味的厌恶评分、摄入量以及遮蔽剂评分测试。味觉厌恶组的受试者对目标口味的厌恶程度明显更高，摄入量更少，尽管与对照组相比差异不显著。遮蔽组对目标食物的摄入量明显多于味觉厌恶组。仅考虑不熟悉遮蔽剂的受试者，遮蔽组的受试者对该遮蔽剂（CS2）的厌恶程度明显高于味觉厌恶组和对照组。讨论了这些发现对人类味觉厌恶的意义。
