Klosterhalfen S, Rüttgers A, Krumrey E, Otto B, Stockhorst U, Riepl R L, Probst T, Enck P
Institutes of Medical Psychology, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany.
Psychosom Med. 2000 Sep-Oct;62(5):671-7. doi: 10.1097/00006842-200009000-00011.
Pavlovian conditioning of taste aversion has rarely been investigated in healthy humans using motion sickness as the unconditioned stimulus (US).
Ninety subjects were pretested for susceptibility to illusory motion (vection) in a rotating drum. Thirty-two subjects susceptible to pseudomotion were assigned randomly to two groups and received either water 1 hour before rotation and a novel taste (elderberry juice, conditioned stimulus, [CS]) immediately before rotation in a rotating chair (conditioning group), or the sequence of water and juice was reversed (control group). During the test session 1 week later, all subjects were exposed to water 1 hour before and juice immediately before rotation. The amount of liquids ingested, nausea ratings, rotation tolerance, and blood levels of hormones (ACTH, ADH, PP) were evaluated.
Subjects in the conditioning group developed taste aversion toward the novel taste, but not subjects in the control group. Postrotation nausea rating was affected marginally by conditioning, but rotation tolerance was not changed by conditioning. ACTH and ADH but not PP levels increased with rotation, but were unaffected by conditioning.
Pavlovian conditioning of behavioral, but not of endocrine, indicators was effective in susceptible subjects using a rotating chair as US and a single CS-US pairing.
以晕动病作为非条件刺激（US），巴甫洛夫式味觉厌恶条件反射在健康人类中鲜有研究。
90名受试者在转鼓中进行了虚幻运动（视动）易感性的预测试。32名易受伪运动影响的受试者被随机分为两组，一组在旋转前1小时饮用清水，并在转椅旋转前立即饮用一种新口味的饮料（接骨木果汁，条件刺激物，[CS]）（条件反射组），另一组则将清水和果汁的顺序颠倒（对照组）。在1周后的测试环节中，所有受试者在旋转前1小时饮用清水，并在旋转前立即饮用果汁。评估了摄入的液体量、恶心评分、旋转耐受性以及激素（促肾上腺皮质激素、抗利尿激素、胰多肽）的血液水平。
条件反射组的受试者对新口味产生了味觉厌恶，而对照组的受试者则没有。条件反射对旋转后的恶心评分有轻微影响，但对旋转耐受性没有影响。促肾上腺皮质激素和抗利尿激素水平随旋转而升高，但不受条件反射的影响，胰多肽水平则未受影响。
以转椅作为非条件刺激物并采用单一的条件刺激物 - 非条件刺激物配对，在易感性受试者中，巴甫洛夫式行为指标而非内分泌指标的条件反射是有效的。
