Rapee R M, Sanderson W C, McCauley P A, Di Nardo P A
Department of Psychology, University of Queensland, Australia.
Behav Res Ther. 1992 Jan;30(1):45-52. doi: 10.1016/0005-7967(92)90095-x.
Previous research has indicated that reports of panic attacks are associated with a different set of symptoms to reports of generalized anxiety. The present two studies attempted to extend these findings to specific (situational) fears. In Study 1, 55 subjects with panic disorder were compared on their symptom profile during their panic attacks to 65 subjects with other anxiety disorders [simple phobia, social phobia and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)] during response to their feared cue. The results indicated that, compared to subjects with other anxiety disorders, subjects with panic disorder were more likely to report parasthesias, dizziness, faintness, unreality, dyspnea, fear of dying and fear of going crazy/losing control. In Study 2, 90 subjects meeting diagnostic criteria for both panic disorder and another anxiety disorder (simple phobia, social phobia or OCD) were compared on the symptoms experienced during their unexpected panic attacks and their situationally-triggered fears respectively. Combining the symptoms found in Study 1 to differ between the groups into a linear combination, there was a significant interaction found between the type of fear reaction (panic attack vs cued fear response) and symptom group. Taken together, these findings suggest that reports of unexpected panic attacks associated with panic disorder are characterized by a different symptom profile to reports of specific fear reactions that are part of a phobic disorder or OCD.
先前的研究表明,惊恐发作的报告与广泛性焦虑的报告所涉及的症状不同。目前的两项研究试图将这些发现扩展到特定(情境性)恐惧。在研究1中,对55名患有惊恐障碍的受试者在惊恐发作期间的症状特征,与65名患有其他焦虑障碍(单纯恐惧症、社交恐惧症和强迫症)的受试者在面对恐惧线索时的症状特征进行了比较。结果表明,与患有其他焦虑障碍的受试者相比,患有惊恐障碍的受试者更有可能报告感觉异常、头晕、昏厥、不真实感、呼吸困难、怕死以及怕发疯/失去控制。在研究2中,对90名符合惊恐障碍和另一种焦虑障碍(单纯恐惧症、社交恐惧症或强迫症)诊断标准的受试者,分别就其意外惊恐发作期间和情境触发恐惧期间所经历的症状进行了比较。将研究1中发现的两组之间存在差异的症状合并为一个线性组合后,发现恐惧反应类型(惊恐发作与提示性恐惧反应)和症状组之间存在显著交互作用。综合来看,这些发现表明,与惊恐障碍相关的意外惊恐发作的报告,其症状特征与作为恐惧症或强迫症一部分的特定恐惧反应的报告不同。