Krause J S
Shepherd Spinal Center, Atlanta, GA 30309.
Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1992 Feb;73(2):163-9.
The purpose of this study was to compare preinjury and postinjury employment rates in a diverse sample of persons with spinal cord injuries. Several employment variables were compared in individuals grouped into cohorts based on injury level, chronologic age, age at injury, time since injury, and years of education. The study sample (N = 286) was highly educated (mean = 14.2 years of education) and was an average of 18.6 years postinjury. Forty-eight percent of the participants were working at the time of the study, and 75% had worked at some time since injury. Only 12% of the persons who were employed at the time of injury returned to the same job after injury. Several noteworthy findings among the groups were: (1) participants with paraplegia were more likely than those with quadriplegia to return to their preinjury jobs; (2) employment rates were dramatically lower in the 51- to 60-year group; (3) more than 85% of persons in the cohorts who were at least 21 years postinjury had worked at some time since injury; (4) younger age at injury was associated with higher current employment rates; and (5) nearly 95% of all participants with 16 or more years of education had worked at some point since injury. The study results reaffirmed the need for comprehensive rehabilitation, identified the need for retraining several years after injury, and pointed to the role of higher education in producing high employment rates.
本研究的目的是比较不同类型脊髓损伤患者受伤前和受伤后的就业率。根据损伤程度、年龄、受伤时年龄、受伤时间和受教育年限将个体分组，比较了几组个体的几个就业变量。研究样本（N = 286）受教育程度较高（平均受教育年限 = 14.2年），受伤后平均18.6年。48%的参与者在研究时正在工作，75%的人在受伤后曾在某个时间段工作过。受伤时就业的人中只有12%在受伤后回到了原工作岗位。各组中有几个值得注意的发现：（1）截瘫患者比四肢瘫患者更有可能回到受伤前的工作岗位；（2）51至60岁组的就业率显著较低；（3）受伤后至少21年的队列中超过85%的人在受伤后曾在某个时间段工作过；（4）受伤时年龄较小与当前较高的就业率相关；（5）所有受教育年限为16年或以上的参与者中近95%在受伤后曾在某个时间点工作过。研究结果再次证实了全面康复的必要性，确定了受伤几年后再培训的必要性，并指出了高等教育在提高就业率方面的作用。
