Ottomanelli Lisa, Lind Lisa
Department of Psychology, VA North Texas Health Care System, 4500 S. Lancaster Road (128), Dallas, TX 75216, USA.
J Spinal Cord Med. 2009;32(5):503-31. doi: 10.1080/10790268.2009.11754553.
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: Employment rates after spinal cord injury (SCI) vary widely because of discrepancies in studies' definition of employment and time of measurement. The objective of this study was to provide a comprehensive summary of the literature on employment rates, predictors of employment, and the benefits and barriers involved.
A search using the terms spinal cord injury and employment in the databases PubMed, PsycINFO, and MEDLINE. The search included a review of published manuscripts from 1978 through 2008.
A total of 579 articles were found and reviewed to determine the presence of reported employment rates. Of these, 60 articles were found to include a report of employment rates for individuals with SCI. Results indicated that, in studies that examined paid employment, the average rate of any employment after SCI was approximately 35%.
Characteristics associated with employment after SCI include demographic variables, injury-related factors, employment history, psychosocial issues, and disability benefit status. It is recommended that researchers studying employment after SCI use common outcome measures such as competitive employment rates, duration of employment, and job tenure. Empirical evidence is lacking in regard to the most effective methods of vocational rehabilitation among this population. Evidence-based supported employment practices seem to be the most applicable model for assisting persons with SCI in restoring meaningful employment. Controlled studies are needed to test this assumption.
背景/目的：由于研究中对就业的定义和测量时间存在差异，脊髓损伤（SCI）后的就业率差异很大。本研究的目的是对有关就业率、就业预测因素以及所涉及的益处和障碍的文献进行全面总结。
在PubMed、PsycINFO和MEDLINE数据库中使用“脊髓损伤”和“就业”这两个术语进行检索。检索包括对1978年至2008年发表的手稿的回顾。
共检索到579篇文章并进行了审查，以确定是否有报告的就业率。其中，发现60篇文章包含脊髓损伤个体的就业率报告。结果表明，在研究有偿就业的研究中，脊髓损伤后任何就业的平均比率约为35%。
与脊髓损伤后就业相关的特征包括人口统计学变量、损伤相关因素、就业历史、心理社会问题和残疾福利状况。建议研究脊髓损伤后就业的研究人员使用常见的结果指标，如竞争性就业率、就业持续时间和工作任期。关于该人群中最有效的职业康复方法缺乏实证证据。基于证据的支持性就业实践似乎是帮助脊髓损伤患者恢复有意义就业的最适用模式。需要进行对照研究来检验这一假设。
