Brookes Crittenden E
Department of Psychiatry, University of California Medical Center, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA.
J Am Acad Psychoanal Dyn Psychiatry. 2004 Fall;32(3):541-50. doi: 10.1521/jaap.32.3.541.44772.
In a previous article (Brookes, 2003), it was suggested that a science devoted to the subjective data obtained in psychodynamic therapy would require classification of psyche, the object of study, as a hypothetical construct, a classic concept in the philosophy of psychological science. The present article argues for and outlines a necessarily new and unique scientific paradigm for psychodynamics by further suggesting (1) that positivistic science is not appropriate to the phenomenological data which psychodynamic concepts explain, (2) that retroductive inferences are preferable to inductive or deductive inferences in handling such data, (3) that the concept of meaning as scientific validation is more suitable to psychodynamic science than are the concepts of measurement and operational validation, and (4) that meaningful validation is best elaborated through the application of the concepts of erroneous meaning, of synchronicity, and of numinosity. These and other ideas are briefly described, and will be elaborated further in subsequent papers.
在之前的一篇文章中（布鲁克斯，2003年），有人提出，一门致力于研究心理动力疗法中所获得的主观数据的科学，将需要把作为研究对象的心理归类为一种假设性建构，这是心理科学哲学中的一个经典概念。本文主张并概述了一种必然全新且独特的心理动力学科学范式，进一步提出：（1）实证主义科学不适用于心理动力概念所解释的现象学数据；（2）在处理此类数据时，溯因推理优于归纳或演绎推理；（3）作为科学验证的意义概念比测量和操作验证的概念更适合心理动力学科学；（4）有意义的验证最好通过应用错误意义、同步性和神圣性的概念来详细阐述。这些及其他观点将作简要描述，并会在后续论文中进一步展开论述。
