Delaney K A
Division of emergency medicine, New York University School of Medicine.
Postgrad Med. 1992 Mar;91(4):379-88. doi: 10.1080/00325481.1992.11701266.
Heatstroke occurs during intense physical exertion or environmental exposure to heat without exertion. The ability to eliminate heat is limited by volume depletion, cardiac and vascular insufficiency, and skin disorders or protective coverings that prevent sweating and evaporative heat loss. Also, many drugs predispose patients to heatstroke by impairing normal thermoregulatory function. Critical management strategies include (1) recognition of hyperthermia, (2) rapid cooling, and (3) supportive care and observation for heat-related complications of tissue injury (eg, hepatic failure, renal failure, disseminated intravascular coagulation).
中暑发生在剧烈体力活动期间，或在未进行体力活动但暴露于高温环境时。散热能力会受到以下因素限制：血容量减少、心脏和血管功能不全、皮肤疾病或妨碍出汗及蒸发散热的防护衣物。此外，许多药物会损害正常体温调节功能，使患者易患中暑。关键的处理策略包括：（1）识别体温过高；（2）快速降温；（3）支持性治疗，并观察组织损伤的热相关并发症（如肝衰竭、肾衰竭、弥散性血管内凝血）。
