Paradis Cheryl M, Solomon Linda Zener, Florer Faith, Thompson Theresa
Marymount Manhattan College, State University of New York, Health Science Center at Brooklyn, USA.
Psychol Rep. 2004 Aug;95(1):304-10. doi: 10.2466/pr0.95.1.304-310.
The present study assessed consistency of recollections of personal circumstances of the 9/11 World Trade Center attack and events of the day before (9/10), and the day after (9/12), in a sample of 100 New York City college students. The day before 9/11 represented an ordinary event. A questionnaire was administered twice, 1 wk. and 1 yr. after the 9/11 attack. Students were asked to describe their personal circumstances when hearing about the news of the World Trade Center attack and for the same time of day for 9/10 and 9/12. 18 students returned the follow-up questionnaire. Consistency of initial and follow-up responses for the central categories for both 9/11 and 9/12 of where, who, and activity was very high (9/11: "Where"--100%, "Who"--100%, "What"--94%; 9/12: "Where"--100%, "Who"--100%, "What"--80%). Recollections of 9/10 were significantly less consistent ("Where"--79%, "Who"--71%, "What"--71%). Analysis indicated that students formed vivid, consistent recollections during the events of both 9/11 and 9/12. It is likely that the events of 9/12 also became flashbulb memories, vivid recollections of traumatic events, because the emotional impact of the stressful events, i.e., police and military presence, disrupted schedules, relating to the 9/11 attack endured beyond the day of the attack.
本研究评估了100名纽约市大学生对9·11世贸中心袭击事件以及袭击前一天（9月10日）和后一天（9月12日）个人情况回忆的一致性。9月10日是一个普通事件。在9·11袭击事件发生后1周和1年分别进行了两次问卷调查。要求学生描述他们在听到世贸中心袭击新闻时的个人情况，以及9月10日和9月12日同一时间的情况。18名学生返回了后续问卷。对于9月11日和9月12日的地点、人物和活动等核心类别，初次回答和后续回答的一致性非常高（9月11日：“地点”——100%，“人物”——100%，“活动”——94%；9月12日：“地点”——100%，“人物”——100%，“活动”——80%）。对9月10日的回忆一致性明显较低（“地点”——79%，“人物”——71%，“活动”——71%）。分析表明，学生们在9月11日和9月12日的事件中形成了生动、一致的回忆。9月12日的事件很可能也成为了闪光灯记忆，即对创伤性事件的生动回忆，因为压力事件（即警察和军队的出现、日程安排被打乱）的情感影响在9·11袭击当天之后仍在持续。
