Jaspers M W M, Steen T
Department of Medical Informatics, University of Amsterdam, Academic Medical Center, The Netherlands.
Stud Health Technol Inform. 2002;90:123-7.
Today, many medical information systems are not satisfactory to their users. To ensure ultimate acceptance of health care information systems asks for systems that map on health care workers' tasks and on their cognitive processes in performing these tasks. The development of human-oriented computer interfaces requires insight in users' information needs and information processing in view of the tasks that will be computer-supported. Cognitive engineering aims at understanding the fundamental principles behind human activities that are relevant in designing a system that supports these activities. The application of cognitive engineering methods may therefore contribute to computer systems that fit better in health care working practices. We used cognitive engineering methods in designing a user interface for a physicians' workstation to support them in preparing their patient screening. The information needs and information search strategies of 4 physicians were revealed by systematic analyses of verbal protocols and video's while they successively worked through 10 paper-based patient records in preparing their patient visits. The results of these analyses were used as input for the design of a conceptual higher-order model that represents both the information needs and information search strategy of these physicians. Based on this higher-order conceptual model, we developed paper-mock ups and a first prototype of the user interface. The physicians will evaluate this prototype in the next phase of the project.
如今，许多医疗信息系统无法令用户满意。要确保医疗保健信息系统最终被接受，就需要系统能够与医护人员的任务以及他们执行这些任务时的认知过程相匹配。以人为本的计算机界面的开发需要深入了解用户的信息需求以及鉴于将由计算机支持的任务而进行的信息处理。认知工程旨在理解与设计支持人类活动的系统相关的人类活动背后的基本原理。因此，认知工程方法的应用可能有助于使计算机系统更适合医疗保健工作实践。我们在设计医生工作站的用户界面时运用了认知工程方法，以支持他们进行患者筛查准备工作。通过对口头协议和视频进行系统分析，揭示了4位医生在依次处理10份纸质患者记录以准备患者就诊时的信息需求和信息搜索策略。这些分析结果被用作设计概念性高阶模型的输入，该模型既代表了这些医生的信息需求，也代表了他们的信息搜索策略。基于这个高阶概念模型，我们开发了纸质模型和用户界面的第一个原型。医生们将在项目的下一阶段对这个原型进行评估。
