Green A Richard, O'shea Esther, Colado M Isabel
Neuropharmacology Research Group, School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK.
Eur J Pharmacol. 2004 Oct 1;500(1-3):3-13. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2004.07.006.
The predominant severe acute adverse effect following ingestion of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, ecstasy) by recreational users is hyperthermia which can induce other associated clinical problems and occasionally death. There is no pharmacologically specific treatment. MDMA also induces dose-dependent hyperthermia in experimental animals. This review examines the consequences of MDMA administration on body temperature in humans and rodents. In rats hyperthermia results primarily from dopamine release and is influenced by dose, ambient temperature and other housing conditions. The response is increased in rats with a prior MDMA-induced neurotoxic lesion of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) nerve endings. Increased MDMA-induced locomotor activity appears to play no role in the hyperthermic response. However, the size of the acute hyperthermic response plays a major role in determining the severity of the subsequent neurotoxicity. These results suggest that any MDMA-induced hyperthermic response will be enhanced in hot, crowded dance club conditions and that ingesting the drug in such conditions increases the possibility of subsequent cerebral neurotoxic effect.
娱乐性使用者摄入3,4-亚甲基二氧甲基苯丙胺（摇头丸，MDMA）后，主要的严重急性不良反应是体温过高，这可能引发其他相关临床问题，偶尔还会导致死亡。目前尚无药理学上的特效治疗方法。MDMA在实验动物中也会引起剂量依赖性体温过高。本综述探讨了MDMA给药对人和啮齿动物体温的影响。在大鼠中，体温过高主要是由多巴胺释放引起的，并受剂量、环境温度和其他饲养条件的影响。5-羟色胺（5-HT）神经末梢先前受到MDMA诱导的神经毒性损伤的大鼠，其反应会增强。MDMA诱导的运动活动增加似乎在体温过高反应中不起作用。然而，急性体温过高反应的程度在决定随后神经毒性的严重程度方面起主要作用。这些结果表明，在炎热、拥挤的舞蹈俱乐部环境中，任何由MDMA引起的体温过高反应都会增强，在这种环境中服用该药物会增加随后发生脑神经毒性作用的可能性。
