尼古丁对初级保健提供者的代谢及生化影响

Metabolism and biochemical effects of nicotine for primary care providers.

作者信息

Metz Christine N, Gregersen Peter K, Malhotra Anil K

机构信息

Laboratory of Medicinal Biochemistry, Center for Patient-Oriented Research, North Shore Long Island Jewish Research Institute, 350 Community Drive, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA.

出版信息

Med Clin North Am. 2004 Nov;88(6):1399-413, ix. doi: 10.1016/j.mcna.2004.06.004.

DOI:10.1016/j.mcna.2004.06.004

PMID:15464104

Abstract

Nicotine is a colorless and volatile liquid alkaloid naturally occurring in the leaves and stems of Nicotiana tabacum and Nicotiana rustica. Nicotine, the primary component of tobacco, is responsible for both tobacco product addiction (with chronic exposure) and the odor associated with tobacco. In addition to cigarettes, nicotine is found in chewing gum, transdermal patches, nasal spray, and sublingual tablets. Following its inhalation and absorption, nicotine and its metabolic products exert diverse physiologic and pharmacologic effects. This article covers the absorption and metabolism of nicotine, nicotine toxicity, pharmacologic effects of nicotine, nicotine-drug interactions, and the use of nicotine for the treatment of disease.

摘要

尼古丁是一种无色挥发性液体生物碱，天然存在于烟草和黄花烟草的叶片及茎中。尼古丁作为烟草的主要成分，会导致烟草制品成瘾（长期接触）以及产生与烟草相关的气味。除香烟外，口香糖、透皮贴剂、鼻喷雾剂和舌下含片等产品中也含有尼古丁。吸入和吸收后，尼古丁及其代谢产物会产生多种生理和药理作用。本文涵盖尼古丁的吸收与代谢、尼古丁毒性、尼古丁的药理作用、尼古丁与药物的相互作用以及尼古丁在疾病治疗中的应用。