Robinson Terry E, Kolb Bryan
Department of Psychology (Biopsychology) and Neuroscience Program, The University of Michigan, 525 E. University (East Hall), Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
Neuropharmacology. 2004;47 Suppl 1:33-46. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2004.06.025.
Persistent changes in behavior and psychological function that occur as a function of experience, such those associated with learning and memory, are thought to be due to the reorganization of synaptic connections (structural plasticity) in relevant brain circuits. Some of the most compelling examples of experience-dependent changes in behavior and psychological function, changes that can last a lifetime, are those that accrue with the development of addictions. However, until recently, there has been almost no research on whether potentially addictive drugs produce forms of structural plasticity similar to those associated with other forms of experience-dependent plasticity. In this paper we summarize evidence that, indeed, exposure to amphetamine, cocaine, nicotine or morphine produces persistent changes in the structure of dendrites and dendritic spines on cells in brain regions involved in incentive motivation and reward (such as the nucleus accumbens), and judgment and the inhibitory control of behavior (such as the prefrontal cortex). It is suggested that structural plasticity associated with exposure to drugs of abuse reflects a reorganization of patterns of synaptic connectivity in these neural systems, a reorganization that alters their operation, thus contributing to some of the persistent sequela associated with drug use--including addiction.
作为经验的函数而出现的行为和心理功能的持续变化，比如那些与学习和记忆相关的变化，被认为是由于相关脑回路中突触连接的重新组织（结构可塑性）所致。行为和心理功能中一些最引人注目的依赖经验的变化实例，即那些可以持续一生的变化，是随着成瘾的发展而产生的变化。然而，直到最近，几乎还没有关于潜在成瘾药物是否会产生与其他形式的依赖经验的可塑性相关的结构可塑性形式的研究。在本文中，我们总结了证据，即事实上，接触安非他命、可卡因、尼古丁或吗啡会在参与动机激励和奖赏的脑区（如伏隔核）以及判断和行为抑制控制的脑区（如前额叶皮层）的细胞上，使树突和树突棘的结构产生持续变化。有人提出，与接触滥用药物相关的结构可塑性反映了这些神经系统中突触连接模式的重新组织，这种重新组织改变了它们的运作，从而导致了与药物使用相关的一些持续后果——包括成瘾。
