deCatanzaro Denys, Muir Cameron, Beaton Elliott A, Jetha Michelle
Department of Psychology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont., Canada.
Steroids. 2004 Sep;69(10):687-96. doi: 10.1016/j.steroids.2004.07.002.
Excretory samples from adult female mice were collected non-invasively during development, estrous cycling, pregnancy, and postpartum. In initial studies, urinary measures were statistically more dynamic over days than were fecal measures; thus subsequent studies focused on urine. Higher 17beta-estradiol levels were present in isolated females than in those exposed to males. In cycling females, urinary 17beta-estradiol was more variable than were measures of testosterone or progesterone, showing peaks with an approximate 5-day periodicity. When urinary estradiol and progesterone were monitored in conjunction with vaginal smear cell counts, patterns were idiosyncratic; most females showed distinct peaks in urinary steroids, not in clear synchrony with vaginal cell cornification. Levels of progesterone rose markedly during the first 10 days of pregnancy, then declined before birth. Estradiol showed a substantial peak on days 7-8 of gestation in all females measured. Urinary testosterone was not dynamic during pregnancy, but rose in immediate prenatal and postpartum measures. During post-weaning, pre-pubertal development, urinary levels of progesterone remained constant but levels of estradiol rose substantially over time.
在成年雌性小鼠的发育、发情周期、怀孕和产后期间，非侵入性地收集排泄样本。在初步研究中，尿液指标在数天内的统计学变化比粪便指标更显著；因此，后续研究集中在尿液上。与接触雄性的雌性相比，隔离饲养的雌性小鼠体内17β-雌二醇水平更高。在发情周期的雌性小鼠中，尿液中17β-雌二醇的变化比睾酮或孕酮的指标更大，呈现出大约5天的周期性峰值。当结合阴道涂片细胞计数监测尿液中的雌二醇和孕酮时，其模式具有独特性；大多数雌性小鼠尿液中的类固醇呈现明显峰值，与阴道细胞角化并无明显同步性。孕酮水平在怀孕的前10天显著上升，然后在分娩前下降。在所有测量的雌性小鼠中，雌二醇在妊娠第7 - 8天出现大幅峰值。尿液中的睾酮在怀孕期间无明显变化，但在产前和产后即刻测量时有所上升。在断奶后、青春期前发育阶段，尿液中孕酮水平保持恒定，但雌二醇水平随时间大幅上升。
