Teh Swee J, Deng DongFang, Werner Inge, Teh FooChing, Hung Silas S O
Aquatic Toxicology Program, School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
Mar Environ Res. 2005 Apr;59(3):203-16. doi: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2003.12.005.
The sublethal effects of stormwater runoff from sections of a plum orchard treated with esfenvalerate or diazinon were evaluated in 7-day-old Sacramento splittail (Pogonichthys macrolepidotus) larvae. Fish were exposed to eight runoff samples using the USEPA standard static renewal method for 96 h acute toxicity testing, then transferred to clean water for three-month to assess the survival, growth, histopathological abnormalities, and heat stress proteins (hsp). No significant mortality was observed at 96 h in exposed fish. At one week, histopathological abnormalities included severe glycogen depletion, cytoplasmic protein droplets, vacuolar degeneration, and cell necroses in liver of all exposure groups. Pyknotic nerve cells were seen in brain of one exposure group. Significantly higher cumulative mortality, lower condition factor, and elevated hsp60 and hsp70 levels (p < 0.05) were occurred in several exposure groups. No histopathological abnormalities were observed after three months in any exposure group. This study confirms that standard acute toxicity tests have underestimated the toxicity of stormwater runoff, and although splittail larvae survived the 96 h exposure, they exhibited reduced survival and growth and showed signs of cellular stress even after a three month recovery period.
用高效氯氰菊酯或二嗪农处理过的李子园部分区域的雨水径流对7日龄萨克拉门托裂尾鱼（Pogonichthys macrolepidotus）幼鱼的亚致死效应进行了评估。采用美国环境保护局（USEPA）标准静态更新法，让鱼类暴露于8个径流样本中进行96小时急性毒性试验，然后转移到清洁水中三个月，以评估其存活、生长、组织病理学异常和热应激蛋白（hsp）情况。在暴露96小时时，未观察到暴露鱼类有显著死亡。在一周时，组织病理学异常包括所有暴露组肝脏中严重的糖原耗竭、细胞质蛋白滴、空泡变性和细胞坏死。在一个暴露组的脑中可见核固缩神经细胞。几个暴露组出现了显著更高的累积死亡率、更低的条件因子以及hsp60和hsp70水平升高（p<0.05）。在任何暴露组中，三个月后均未观察到组织病理学异常。本研究证实，标准急性毒性试验低估了雨水径流的毒性，并且尽管裂尾鱼幼鱼在96小时暴露中存活下来，但即使在三个月恢复期后，它们的存活和生长仍有所降低，并表现出细胞应激迹象。
