Leschot N J, Mannens M M A M
Academisch Medisch Centrum/Universiteit van Amsterdam, afd. Klinische Genetica, Meibergdreef 9-15, 1105 AZ Amsterdam.
Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd. 2004 Aug 28;148(35):1712-5.
The granting of a patent by the European Patent Office to Myriad Genetics on the sequence of the BRCA-1 gene in 2001 prompted the Dutch Minister of Healthcare and the Minister of Education, Culture and Science to ask for advice. The Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Science (KNAW) prepared a report in 2003 entitled: 'The consequences of granting patents on human genes for scientific research in The Netherlands'. Another recommendation (by Van de Bunt) entitled: 'A code of gene patenting' was also published in 2003. The KNAW report recommends, among others: a redefinition of the 'research exemption' and renewed discussion on a 'grace period'. The Van de Bunt report concludes, among other things, that some holders of gene patents cause unwanted side effects, but that the patent system itself provides sufficient possibilities to prevent these side effects. In a comment on both reports, the Dutch Ministry of Healthcare concluded: 'There is no reason to change the current patent system'. One should be more critical, however, and favour the possibility of a 'diagnostic exemption' in which DNA-diagnostics would be excluded from patenting.
2001年欧洲专利局授予Myriad Genetics公司BRCA - 1基因序列专利，这促使荷兰医疗保健部长以及教育、文化和科学部长寻求相关建议。荷兰皇家科学院（KNAW）于2003年编写了一份报告，题为：“授予人类基因专利对荷兰科学研究的影响”。另一份由范德邦特撰写的题为“基因专利规范”的建议报告也于2003年发布。KNAW报告提出了多项建议，其中包括：重新定义“研究豁免权”，并重新讨论“宽限期”。范德邦特报告的结论包括，一些基因专利持有者会产生不良副作用，但专利制度本身提供了足够的可能性来防止这些副作用。在对这两份报告的评论中，荷兰医疗保健部得出结论：“没有理由改变现行专利制度”。然而，人们应该更加批判性地看待，并支持“诊断豁免”的可能性，即DNA诊断应被排除在专利范围之外。
