Landolt J P, Light I M, Greenen M G, Monaco C
Defence and Civil Institute of Environmental Medicine, North York, Ont., Canada.
Aviat Space Environ Med. 1992 Feb;63(2):138-44.
Five mobile offshore drilling unit disasters--Alexander L. Kielland, Ocean Ranger, Vinland, Ocean Odyssey, and Rowan Gorilla I--were studied to assess the degree to which seasickness occurs and endangers the lives of occupants of totally-enclosed motor-propelled survival craft (TEMPSC). Thousands of other peacetime marine incidents were reviewed and a literature search was conducted to assess the same seasickness problem. The one reported death in the Vinland abandonment appears to be the only one that could be associated, even remotely, with seasickness. It cannot be established whether or not seasickness contributed to the cause of death in the case of the Ocean Ranger victims, but it did occur in 75% or more of TEMPSC occupants in the other four rig disasters. It has occurred both in relatively calm waters of 1-m wave height and in severe seas of 15-m heights. Evacuees in an intact TEMPSC are able to survive many hours of severe seas; consequently, they should not be rescued until the weather and sea conditions improve. Moreover, practical survival training and good leadership is a principal cornerstone in the amelioration of seasickness.
对五起移动近海钻井装置灾难——亚历山大·L·基兰德号、海洋游侠号、文兰号、海洋奥德赛号和罗恩大猩猩一号——进行了研究，以评估晕船发生的程度以及对全封闭机动救生艇（TEMPSC）内人员生命的危害程度。还回顾了数千起其他和平时期的海上事故，并进行了文献检索，以评估同样的晕船问题。文兰号弃船事件中报告的那起死亡事件似乎是唯一一起哪怕只是有可能与晕船相关的事件。在海洋游侠号灾难中，无法确定晕船是否是导致遇难者死亡的原因，但在其他四起钻井平台灾难中，75%或更多的TEMPSC内人员都出现了晕船症状。晕船在波高1米的相对平静水域以及波高15米的恶劣海况下都有发生。完整的TEMPSC内的撤离人员能够在恶劣海况下存活数小时；因此，在天气和海况改善之前不应进行救援。此外，实际的生存训练和良好的领导能力是缓解晕船的主要基石。
