Sinensky M, Lutz R J
Eleanor Roosevelt Institute, Denver, CO 80206.
Bioessays. 1992 Jan;14(1):25-31. doi: 10.1002/bies.950140106.
The prenylated proteins represent a newly discovered class of post-translationally modified proteins. The known prenylated proteins include the oncogene product p21ras and other low molecular weight GTP-binding proteins, the nuclear lamins, and the gamma subunit of the heterotrimeric G proteins. The modification involves the covalent attachment of a 15-carbon (farnesyl) or 20-carbon (geranylgeranyl) isoprenoid moiety in a thioether linkage to carboxyl terminal cysteine. The nature of the attached substituent is dependent on specific sequence information in the carboxyl terminus of the protein. In addition, prenylation entrains other posttranslational modifications forming a reaction pathway. In this article, we review our current understanding of the biochemical reactions involved in prenylation and discuss the possible role of this modification in the control of cellular functions such as protein maturation and cell growth.
异戊二烯化蛋白是一类新发现的翻译后修饰蛋白。已知的异戊二烯化蛋白包括癌基因产物p21ras和其他低分子量GTP结合蛋白、核纤层蛋白以及异三聚体G蛋白的γ亚基。这种修饰涉及一个15碳（法尼基）或20碳（香叶基香叶基）类异戊二烯部分通过硫醚键与羧基末端半胱氨酸共价连接。所连接取代基的性质取决于蛋白质羧基末端的特定序列信息。此外，异戊二烯化还会引发其他翻译后修饰，形成一条反应途径。在本文中，我们综述了目前对异戊二烯化所涉及生化反应的理解，并讨论了这种修饰在控制细胞功能如蛋白质成熟和细胞生长方面可能发挥的作用。
