Evidence for codon bias selection at the pre-mRNA level in eukaryotes.

We investigated codon usage patterns across eukaryotic exons. We have shown that in humans codon preference varies with distance from the splice sites. This is consistent with the distribution of RNA elements involved in splicing regulation. Our results provide the first evidence that selection at the pre-mRNA level influences codon usage in humans. We also show that systematic trends in codon usage are found in other eukaryotes, suggesting that pre-mRNA level selection for codon usage could be a widespread phenomenon in organisms that undergo RNA splicing.