Ooi Catriona, Dayan Linda
Clinic 16, Royal North Shore Hospital and Manly Sexual Health, New South Wales.
Aust Fam Physician. 2004 Sep;33(9):723-6.
Pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are both consequences of unprotected vaginal sex. In addition to causing maternal morbidity in their own right, many STIs including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) can be transmitted to the neonate. Antenatal screening during pregnancy provides an opportunity to minimise or eliminate the antepartum, intrapartum and postpartum consequences of most STIs.
This article discusses the diagnosis, management and treatments available for STIs in pregnancy to minimise morbidity and mortality for both mother and child.
HIV testing in antenatal care should be added to routine syphilis and hepatitis B serology, as effective HIV interventions can significantly reduce the risk of mother-child transmission. Consideration should be given to testing in women less than 25 years of age for chlamydia and those women at increased sexual risk. Male partners should not be forgotten and contact tracing, treatment and follow up offered. Due to the very small risk associated with genital warts and genital herpes, normalisation, information and reassurance are appropriate for the majority of women affected.
怀孕和性传播感染（STIs）都是无保护阴道性行为的后果。许多性传播感染，包括人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV），除了本身会导致孕产妇发病外，还可传播给新生儿。孕期的产前筛查为尽量减少或消除大多数性传播感染的产前、产时和产后后果提供了机会。
本文讨论孕期性传播感染的诊断、管理和可用治疗方法，以尽量降低母婴的发病率和死亡率。
产前护理中的HIV检测应添加到常规梅毒和乙肝血清学检测中，因为有效的HIV干预措施可显著降低母婴传播风险。对于25岁以下的女性应考虑进行衣原体检测，对于性风险增加的女性也应进行检测。不应忘记男性伴侣，应进行接触者追踪、治疗和随访。由于与尖锐湿疣和生殖器疱疹相关的风险非常小，对于大多数受影响的女性，给予正常化、信息和安慰是合适的。
