Moodley P, Sturm A W
Department of Medical Microbiology and Africa Centre for Population Studies and Reproductive Health, School of Infection, Medical School, University of Natal, Durban, South Africa.
Semin Neonatol. 2000 Aug;5(3):255-69. doi: 10.1053/siny.2000.0026.
Prevention and treatment of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in the sexually active population are the main steps to prevent perinatal infection. However, the spread of STIs continues at an astronomical pace despite various attempts at controlling the epidemic. An important reason for this lack of STI control is that a large percentage of infected people go untreated because they have asymptomatic or unrecognized infections. The microbial differential diagnosis of STIs implicated in adverse pregnancy outcome is broad and includes viral, bacterial and protozoal infections. Infertility, ectopic pregnancy, pelvic inflammatory disease, chorioamnionitis, premature rupture of membranes, preterm birth and puerperal sepsis are some of complications seen in women as a result of infection with sexually transmitted pathogens. In addition, STIs may facilitate the acquisition and transmission of HIV. In the fetus or neonate, complications include abnormalities of the major organ systems. Infections in the form of pneumonia or conjunctivitis may also occur. Due to the lack of simple, inexpensive and sensitive point-of-care tests, screening for STIs in pregnancy is not performed routinely.
对性活跃人群进行性传播感染（STIs）的预防和治疗是预防围产期感染的主要措施。然而，尽管采取了各种控制疫情的措施，性传播感染仍以惊人的速度持续蔓延。性传播感染控制不力的一个重要原因是，很大一部分感染者未得到治疗，因为他们有无症状或未被识别的感染。与不良妊娠结局相关的性传播感染的微生物鉴别诊断范围广泛，包括病毒、细菌和原生动物感染。不孕、异位妊娠、盆腔炎、绒毛膜羊膜炎、胎膜早破、早产和产褥期败血症是女性感染性传播病原体后出现的一些并发症。此外，性传播感染可能会促进艾滋病毒的感染和传播。对于胎儿或新生儿，并发症包括主要器官系统的异常。也可能会出现肺炎或结膜炎形式的感染。由于缺乏简单且廉价的即时检测，孕期性传播感染筛查未被常规开展。
