Dadds Mark R, Hawes David, Schaefer Belinda, Vaka Kristina
School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
Memory. 2004 Jul;12(4):462-6. doi: 10.1080/09658210444000070.
Recent theoretical models highlighting the role of imagery in trauma and aversion learning focus on the role of images in memory (e.g., Brewin, Dalgleish, & Joseph, 1996) and images as substitute stimuli in aversive conditioning (Dadds, Bovbjerg, Redd, & Cutmore, 1997). An unanswered question is whether individual differences in imagery are associated with different rates of traumatisation and aversion states (fear and avoidance of various stimuli). We examine one aspect of this: does high imagery ability correlate with the frequency with which people report aversions? Three samples of university students were tested on the Betts Questionnaire Upon Mental Imagery, the Tellegen Absorption Scale, and a new measure we designed to sample of range of aversions. As hypothesised, vividness of imagery showed positive correlations with number of aversions reported. This relationship held after controlling for general neuroticism and proneness to disgust. Results for absorption showed no relationship. The results are unable to disentangle causal paths but suggest a focus on individual differences in imagery vividness may be fruitful for understanding individual differences in aversion learning.
近期强调意象在创伤和厌恶学习中作用的理论模型，聚焦于意象在记忆中的作用（例如，布鲁因、达格利什和约瑟夫，1996年）以及意象在厌恶条件作用中作为替代刺激的作用（达兹、博夫耶格、雷德和卡特莫尔，1997年）。一个尚未得到解答的问题是，意象方面的个体差异是否与不同的创伤发生率和厌恶状态（对各种刺激的恐惧和回避）相关。我们研究了其中一个方面：高意象能力是否与人们报告厌恶的频率相关？对三组大学生样本进行了贝茨心理意象问卷、泰勒根专注量表以及我们设计的用于抽样一系列厌恶情况的新测量方法的测试。正如所假设的，意象的生动性与报告的厌恶数量呈正相关。在控制了一般神经质和厌恶倾向后，这种关系依然成立。专注量表的结果显示没有关系。这些结果无法理清因果路径，但表明关注意象生动性方面的个体差异，对于理解厌恶学习中的个体差异可能会有成效。
